摘要:

In long-term and short-term experiments with Mongolian gerbils the effects of various dietary fats and different amounts of cholesterol on progeniture and liver pathology were studied. In contrast to palm kernel oil, with 8.75% (w/w) of sunflower seed oil we observed fewer litters and a decreased survival of the sucklings. On 0.2% of cholesterol we observed severe hypercholesterolemia and storage of cholesterol ester in the liver, ultimately leading to cirrhosis. On 0.05% for 6 months the gerbils stayed in good health. Progeniture was unaffected on this level of intake.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177439

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Male rats were fed isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets containing different amounts of dietary zinc and picolinic acid (PA) (25, 60, 120 ppm Zn, 0, 20, 40, 60 mmol PA/kg diet) and balance collections of urine and faeces made over a 4-day period. Rats fed 25 ppm Zn were in negative Zn and Cu balance during the experiment. Faecal Zn, but not urinary Zn excretion was elevated with increasing dietary Zn supply. Urinary Zn, Cu and Mg excretion increased with increasing intakes of dietary PA, regardless of Zn intake. Tissue Zn levels were unaffected by dietary Zn or PA. It is concluded that dietary PA forms soluble complexes with metal ions which are rapidly absorbed but are then re-excreted in urine and may not be available for metabolism or incorporation into tissues.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177440

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Mitogen responsiveness of spleen cells from NZB/NZW mice fed one of three defined diets was compared. The fat source of one diet was 20% lard (L, saturated fat), the second 20% polyunsaturated (corn oil), and the third 20% polyunsaturated (fish oil, FO). No differences in stimulation indices were observed. To determine whether the lipid components in media serum supplements were altering our results, we compared splenic mitogen responses in nonautoimmune mice fed either the FO or the L diet with in vitro culture in serum-free medium, alone, or with different serum supplements. Supplements included 10% fetal calf serum and 1 and 5 % mouse sera from rodent chow-fed, L-fed or FO-fed mice. Spleen cells from BALB/c mice fed FO had consistently lower stimulation levels as compared to the other diet groups regardless of media supplementation. Capping experiments designed to directly assess membrane fluidity in lymphocytes from mice fed either the L, FO or lab chow diets revealed no differences. Although in vitro membrane turnover undoubtedly occurs during blastogenesis, we found that culturing cells in media with different serum supplements did not alter relative mitogen responses.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177441

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Oxygen consumption, total body mass, and body fat content were measured in lean and obese animals housed from birth at either 17 ± 2 or 28 ± 2°C. Results for each of the three parameters were recorded at three time points 26, 35, and 56 days of age. The experiments demonstrate that at both ambient temperatures oxygen consumption expressed per kilogram body mass is consistently greater in lean animals. In all animals oxygen consumption (ml/kg/min) falls between 26 and 56 days, but significantly so in obese mice at 17 ° C. There is no difference in age-related reduction of oxygen consumption between the genotypes at 28°C; cold environment also significantly impairs growth of obese animals but not of lean ones. Contrary to those at 28 °C obese mice at 17 °C do not differ significantly in body weight from lean controls by 56 days of age. Carcass fat is consequently reduced in cold-reared obese mice compared to warm-reared obese, when expressed as grams of fat. When expressed as percentage fat, cold-reared lean and obese mice have less fat at 5

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177442

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The influence of caloric restriction on lipid profile is controversial. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of dietary proteins from different sources on lipoprotein levels in obese subjects during a period of very low-caloric diet followed by 60 days of hypocaloric diet. The subjects were 24 obese patients aged 25–42 of at least 50% above ideal weight. The patients were separated into two groups and received for 15 days 375 kcal/day on the assumption that commercial textured preparations contained the same amount of proteins, respectively, as casein (group A) or soy protein (group B). Then the very low-caloric diet of the two groups was integrated with 425 kcal/day for 60 days. Body weight reduction was equivalent in the two groups. Total plasma cholesterol decreased significantly in both groups after the two periods of diet, but the percent variations were always significantly higher in the group B than in A. Total plasma triglycerides reduced significantly only in the group B. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol behaved as total cholesterol in the two groups. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol diminished significantly only after the 15 days of very low-caloric diet in group B, while it decreased throughout the diet in group A. The decrease of HDL cholesterol was mainly due to the HDL2 subfraction. The results of our study show that the substitution of soy protein for casein can be of benefit in those patients who need a long-term hypocaloric die

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177443

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The calorigenic effect of a liquid meal was studied in 8 (5 male, 3 female) lean, trained swimmers to assess the effect of swim exercise on dietary-induced thermogenesis. Metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry under 3 conditions: (A) 4 h postexercise in the postabsorptive state; (B) 4 h of rest in the postprandial state, and (C) 4 h postexercise in the postprandial state. At 20 min postexercise metabolic rate had increased 22% over RMR; however, by 40 min postexercise it had returned to the preexercise level. Following both conditions B and C oxygen consumption (VO2) remained significantly elevated for 3 h. The mean rise in caloric expenditure was 24.8 kcal/h when exercise preceded the meal, compared to 20.2 kcal/h when exercise was not performed. This difference of approximately 18 kcal/4 h, although of negligible importance in short-term energy balance, could be significant in long-term energy regulation, and thus contribute to body weight control.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177444

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The total and free fatty acid composition of plasma and lipid peroxide concentrations was studied in 32 cholestatic children with syndromatic paucity of interlobular bile ducts (Alagille’s syndrome). The mean lipid peroxide value in these patients was 8.80 ± 3.70 nmol/ml, nearly 4 times higher than the mean control value. Compared to the control group, the patients exhibited significant variations in total fatty acids, and in particular a relative decrease in linoleic acid (from 29.5 ± 6.1 % in the controls to 19.1 ± 8.03% in the patients) compensated by an increase in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. The plasma lipid peroxide levels were inversely correlated with the unsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio in total fatty acids, and with the vitamin E status (vitamin E/total lipids). Most of the total and free fatty acid variations observed were largest in patients with severe jaundice. Dietary fat malabsorption and the increase in lipid peroxidation partly explain these results. Furthermore, in free fatty acids, we observed a marked increase in arachidonic acid (from 1.43 ± 0.85% in the controls to 4.27 ± 2.24% in the patients), suggesting abnormal eicosanoid syn

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177445

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The fatty acid and cholesterol contents of tissue membranes are determinants of their stability and functionality. This study was designed to evaluate the influences of diet and postnatal age on the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of erythrocyte membrane phospholipid fractions and on the red blood cell membrane cholesterol and phosphorus contents in newborn infants during the 1st month of life. A group of infants was fed on human milk and another group on adapted milk formula. Blood samples were obtained at birth, from cord blood, and at 7 and 30 days of age. Long-chain w6 PUFA declined with advancing age in all membrane phosphoglycerides and sphingomyelin (SM) in those infants fed formula. w6 PUFA also decreased in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS) in infants fed human milk and were maintained constant in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and SM. w3 PUFA were less affected by postnatal age. PE and SM showed significantly higher percentages of w6 and w3 long-chain PUFA in infants fed human milk than in those fed formula. Membrane cholesterol content increased in all infants from birth to 1 month of life but phosphorus levels were unaffected by diet and postnatal age. These results suggest that diets with a low content of long-chain PUFA, such as adapted cow’s milk formulas, may induce changes in membrane functionality and that incorporation of PUFA to the diet in amounts similar to those found in human milk should be considered at least in early lif

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177446

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

(1) Adult postprandial rats were given a continuous, intravenous infusion of 15N-labelled glutamate, alanine, ammonium chloride and glutamine amide for 6 h. The enrichment in the free hepatic pool was measured for ammonia, glutamine amide, urea, aspartate, glutamate and alanine. (2) Glutamine and glutamate supplied significantly more nitrogen to urea than ammonium chloride or alanine. (3) Glutamate was not a significant source of hepatic ammonia, hence in this situation it is not necessary to impute a major role to glutamate dehydrogenase in hepatic ammoniagenesis for urea synthesis. (4) Glutamine and ammonia, mostly of intestinal origin in the postprandial state, were major precursors of hepatic ammonia. (5) The nitrogen of glutamate and alanine moved to urea primarily through aspartic acid.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177447

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177448

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger