摘要:

SHELLOCK, F. G., J. H. MINK, A. L. DEUTSCH, and T. MOLNAR. Effect of a newly designed patellar realignment brace on patellofemoral relationships.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 469–472, 1995. The effect of applying a newly developed patellar realignment brace to a patient with lateral subluxation of the patella was evaluated using active movement, loaded kinematic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The brace corrected the lateral displacement of the patella as shown on the kinematic MR imaging study. The patient underwent physical rehabilitation in conjunction with the use of the patellar realignment brace and has had resolution of her painful symptoms for the past 4 months.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

KARPOS, P. A. G., K. P. SPINDLER, M. A. PIERCE, and H. J. SHULL, JR. Osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis in athletes: a case report and literature review.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 473–478, 1995. Groin pain is a common problem in athletes. Osteitis pubis, a chronic inflammatory condition involving the pubic symphysis, is a rare cause, and pyogenic osteomyelitis of the pubis is seen even more rarely in healthy athletes. We report one of four cases of pyogenic osteomyelitis of the pubis seen at our institution, review our experience with all four cases, and present a review of the literature (7 cases). The diagnosis is established by the presence of extreme pain, point tenderness at the pubic symphysis, fever, and either a positive culture of blood, needle aspiration, or open biopsy of the pubis. White blood cell count, crythrocytc sedimentation rate, and the results of bone scan and computerized tomography may initially be normal and therefore cannot exclude the diagnosis. Prompt treatment with intravenous (IV) antibiotics effective againstStaphylococcus aureus(causative organism in all documented cases–9/11) should initially be administered and then guided by culture and sensitivity information. Oral antibiotics should be given if the infection is responsive to IV antibiotic treatment. Prompt recognition and treatment with antibiotics may obviate the need for surgical debridement. All athletes who returned to sports activity did so by 6 months after diagnosis.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

RUBINSTEIN, A., R. BURSTEIN, F. LUBIN, A. CHETRIT, E. J. DANN, O. LEVTOV, R. GETER, P. A. DEUSTER, and E. DOLEV. Lipoprotein profile changes during intense training of Israeli military recruits.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 480–484, 1995. The effect of prolonged strenuous military training on serum lipoproteins was studied in 73 new recruits. Dietary intake, body weight, and average energy expenditure were recorded, and blood samples collected at three time periods before training began (time 0), and after 6 and 12 wk of intense physical activity (times I and II, respectively). There was a significant increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and a decrease in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol accompanying an increase of duration and intensity of exercise. HDL increased from 40.5 ± 7.7 mg·dl-1at time 0 to 44.5 ± 9.4 mg·dl-1at time 1 and to 52.8 ± 8.7 mg·dl-1at time II, and each meanP-valuefor increases in HDL from time 0–I, I–II, and 0–II wereP< 0.0001). For LDL cholesterol, the mean decreases were −1.1, −6.1, and −7.3 mg·dl-1, respectively (P= 0.003 from 1–11, and 0.01 from 0–11). These changes did not correlate with weight loss, reduced energy, or fat intake. We conclude that intense physical activity is associated with beneficial changes in the lipoprotein profile in new military recruits during a training period extending over 12 wk.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

EL-SAYED, M. S. and B. DAVIES. A physical conditioning program does not alter fibrinogen concentration in young healthy subjects.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 485–489, 1995. Twenty five subjects were divided into experimental (N= 13, 7 male and 6 female, age 32.1 ± 6.4 yr) and control groups (N= 12, 6 male and 6 female, age 33.4 ± 5.4 yr) in order to examine the effect of a conditioning program on fibrinogen concentration. Before and after conditioning, &OV0312;O2maxwas determined in all subjects. The experimental group (E) exercised for 30 min, 3 d·wk-1for 12 wk at 70% (initial 6 wk) and 80% (latter 6 wk) of maximum heart rate. The control group (C) maintained normal activity pattern. After conditioning, subjects in E, but not in C, increased (P> 0.001) their &OV0312;O2max. Resting fibrinogen concentrations (RFC) before conditioning were similar between the two groups, and demonstrated no change in the C group (242.9 ± 40.3 mg·dl-1vs 247.4 ± 38.7 mg·dl-1,P> 0.05) after conditioning. Although RFC showed a 6% decrease in the E group post conditioning (249.1 ± 21.5 mg·dl-1vs 236.4 ± 34.6 mg·dl-1), this decrease was not significant (P> 0.05). A significant increase (P< 0.05) in fibrinogen concentrations were observed after maximal exercise in both groups pre and post conditioning; however, this increase disappeared (P> 0.05) when data were corrected for hemoconcentration. These results suggest that after conditioning the 6% decrease in RFC was not statistically significant, but the possibility of Type II error is high.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

HUBINGER, L., L. T. MACKINNON, and F. LEPRE. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels in middle-aged male runners and sedentary controls.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 490–496, 1995. Serum Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentration was compared between middle-aged well-trained Caucasian male endurance runners (N= 57), (mean age ± SEM 47.8 ± 0.7 yr) and age-, body mass-, and body mass index (BMI)- matched male nonathletic control subjects (N= 62), (mean age ± SEM 48.7 ± 0.8). The mean weekly training distance of the runners was (60.7 ± 2.8 km·wk-1) at the time of testing. Median Lp(a) levels were not significantly different (P> 0.05) between the runners (15.0 mg·dl-1). and the control subjects (12.5 mg·dl-1). As expected, compared with control subjects, in runners levels of other lipoproteins and apoproteins were significantly more favorable for cardiovascular health (allP≶ 0.01). There was no significant relationship between Lp(a) and any other measured variable (lipid, anthropometric, or dietary) in the runners group. In the control group, the significant positive correlation between Lp(a) and LDL-C was no longer significant after correction for the estimated contribution of Lp(a) cholesterol to LDL-C. These cross-sectional data suggest that a lifestyle of moderate to intense exercise training does not exert a significant impact on the Lp(a) level.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SMITH, J. A. Guidelines, standards, and perspectives in exercise immunology.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 497–506, 1995. Exercise immunology is a rapidly developing subdiscipline of sports science. Although many interesting findings have been published, some conflicting data have appeared. This is not surprising given the complexity of the immune system and its bidirectional interactions with other physiological systems. Immune measurements can also be influenced by age, gender, lifestyle, and biological rhythms while technical factors include leukocyte purification procedures, reagents, equipment, and assay conditions. Exercise-induced changes in the blood percentages of certain cell types may explain altered functional responses that may not change at the single cell level. Some guidelines should be established to limit the influence of these extraneous factors. Investigators should agree on fundamental methodology if work from different laboratories is to be compared and replicated. Given the rapid pace of new developments in fundamental immunology and related fields, some views on interpreting data in a wider physiological context and future research directions are discussed. Finally, some recommendations regarding subject selection, accounting for biological rhythms, standardizing fundamental methodology, sampling at multiple timepoints, and data analysis are put forward for discussion. Although uniform consensus would be impossible to obtain, hopefully this commentary will stimulate debate and lead to the formulation of some guidelines and standards for conducting studies in exercise immunology.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMIDA, K. D., F. FRISCH, and C. M. DONOVAN. Training suppresses hepatic lactate dehydrogenase activity without altering the isoenzyme profile.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 507–511, 1995. A decrease in hepatic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity following endurance training has been a consistent observation. In the present study, we sought to determine whether the training-induced decrease in hepatic LDH activity (pyruvate = substrate) was associated with a shift in the isoenzyme profile and/or alteration in other kinetic parameters. Animals (rats) were randomly assigned to either an endurance trained group (running 90 min at 30 m·min-1, 10% grade) or sedentary control group. Eight weeks of endurance training resulted in a significant decrease in maximal hepatic LDH activity for the forward reaction (pyruvate ± lactate), 107.3 ± 5.5 μmol·min-1·g-1, when compared with control animals, 147.3 ± 5.6 μmol·min-1·g-1‘. A similar decrease was observed for maximal LDH activity in the reverse reaction (lactate ± pyruvate), 49.8 ± 2.1 vs 66.7 ± 2.9 μmol·min-1·g-1, trained and controls, respectively. Training was also observed to decrease the Km for the reverse reaction, 5.18 ± 0.78 mM vs 6.94 ± 0.55 mM, for trained and controls, respectively. Km for the forward reaction was unaffected by training. Gel electrophoresis with densitometric evaluation revealed no shift in the isoenzyme pattern following endurance training. LDH5accounted for 89% ± 2%, whereas 6% ± 0.5% was observed in LDH4, and 4% ± 0.3% was observed in LDH3for both groups. The densitometric area was ± 34% lower from trained liver homogenates, a fractional decrease similar to that observed for maximal LDH activity. The decrease in hepatic LDH activity with endurance training appears attributable to a down regulation of enzyme content, with no significant alteration in isoenzyme distribution.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

BELARDINELLI, R., T. J. BARSTOW, J. PORSZASZ, and K. WASSERMAN. Skeletal muscle oxygenation during constant work rate exercise.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 512–519, 1995. We compared the slow rise in &OV0312;O2during heavy exercise (i.e., greater than lactic acidosis threshold (LAT)) with changes in muscle oxyhe-moglobin + oxymyoglobin (O2Hb/O2Mb) saturation by reflectance near infrared spectroscopy. Ten subjects performed four 6-min cycle ergometer tests with two constant work rates less than and two greater than the LAT, equivalent to 20,40,65 and 75% peak &OV0312;O2. During less than LAT exercise, O2Hb/O2Mb saturation decreased to a minimum by 2 min and then remained constant or rose slightly. For greater than LAT work rates, the initial fall in O2Hb/O2Mb saturation was greater the higher the work rate and continued to decrease with time after 3 min. Between minutes 3 and 6, the rate of decrease in O2Hb/O2Mb saturation correlated with the increase in &OV0312;O2(r = −0.69,P< 0.0001). These studies support the hypothesis that the slow rise in &OV0312;O2during heavy constant work rate exercise is associated with a progressive decline in O2Hb/O2Mb saturation in the contracting muscles themselves that may be facilitated by capillary oxyhemoglobin dissociation owing to tissue lactic acidosis (Bohr effect).

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

WHEELER, D. L., J. E. GRAVES, G. J. MILLER, R. E. VANDER GRIEND, T. J. WRONSKI, S. K. POWERS, and H. M. PARK. Effects of running on the torsional strength, morphometry, and bone mass of the rat skeleton.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 520–529, 1995. Intensity and duration effects of weight-bearing exercise on the rat skeleton were investigated. Eighty-four 3-month-old female Spraguc-Dawley rats were assigned to control and nine exercise groups. Exercised rats were run on a treadmill for either 30, 60, or 90 min·d-1at low (VO2max± 55%), medium (VO2max± 65%), or high (VO2max± 75%) intensity 4 d·wk-1for 10 wk. Rat femurs, tibias, and vertebrae were harvested for torsional mechanical tests, bone density assessment, and morphometry. Our results indicate exercise has a significant effect (P< 0.05) on the femoral mechanical response (energy absorbed and twist angle), tibial morphometry (cortical bone area and thickness), and tibial and vertebral bone density measurements but had no effect (P> 0.05) on bone strength when compared with control values. Higher intensity exercise decreased tibial and femoral torque (P< 0.05). Long duration exercise increased tibial and femoral stiffness and decreased twist angle and energy absorbed (P< 0.05). These results indicate bone adapts to its loading environment by increasing bone mineral density, increasing cortical bone area, increasing stiffness, decreasing energy absorbed, and decreasing twist angle. High-intensity exercise decreased the maximum force the bone could withstand, whereas long duration exercise made the bone more brittle.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PHILLIPS, W. and L. N. BURKETT. Arm crank exercise with static leg FNS in spinal cord injured persons.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 530–535, 1995. Persons with spinal cord injury experience considerable difficulty, during aerobic exercise, in achieving even moderate levels of oxygen uptake. Therefore, the effect of static functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) on this parameter during arm crank exercise (ACE) was investigated. Eight subjects with spinal cord injury, lesion levels range C6–T12, performed ACE at 60% and 80% of VO2peak, both with and without concurrent FNS of the lower limbs. ACE was performed with no FNS, with FNS at 40 milliamperes (mA), and with FNS at 80 mA. Significant differences in oxygen uptake were found between ACE without FNS and ACE with FNS-80 mA at 60% VO2peak(10% increase, 12.5 ml·kg-1·min-1to 13.7 ml·kg-1·min-1,P< 0.05), and between ACE without FNS and ACE with FNS-80 mA at 80% VO2peak(16%, increase, 14.8 ml·kg-1·min-1to 17.2 ml·kg-1·min-1,P< 0.01). A 10% difference between ACE without FNS and ACE with FNS-40 mA, did not reach significance. These data indicate that, in this population of subjects with spinal cord injury, (a) FNS can increase submaximal ACE oxygen uptake, and (b) that such increases are enhanced both at higher levels of FNS and of work load. Implications for wellness are discussed.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID