摘要:

Chronic inflammation of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon can result in stenosing tenosynovitis. This condition has been well documented in ballet dancers. It usually presents as posteromedial ankle pain, worsened by plantarflexion activities. Although conservative therapy benefits most patients, some recalcitrant cases may require surgical intervention. This is the first case report that describes the occurrence of this condition in a runner with an anomalous flexor hallucis longus muscle.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It has been suggested that aerobic exercise influences gallstone disease pathogenesis through its effects on gallbladder motility. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effects of acute aerobic exercise on gallbladder emptying. Gallbladder function was evaluated, via cholescintigraphy, in 12 healthy females after undergoing two experimental trials [i.e., postprandial (P) and exercise + postprandial (E+P))]. In the E+P trial, 60 min after injection of99mTc disofenin, subjects exercised for 30 min at 65.3 ± 0.9%, (mean ± SEM) of VO2peak on a recumbent leg ergometer, and then ingested 8 oz of a liquid meal to promote gallbladder emptying. In the P trial the meal was administered at the same time relative to the E+P trial; however, for the 30 min prior to meal ingestion subjects remained in a resting supine position. Postprandial gallbladder ejection fraction (EF) was nonsignificantly higher in the E+P trial (49.4 ± 5.1%) than in the P trial (46.6 ± 6.7%). Results of this study also indicated that during a fasted state the gallbladder undergoes significant periods of spontaneous emptying both at rest EF = 25± 5.6% (P< 0.02) and during exercise EF = 17 ± 4.3% (P< 0.01). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that 30 min of aerobic exercise at 65% of VO2peak does not effect gallbladder motility in a healthy, premenopausal, female population.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of 4 wk of intensified training on resting plasma glutamine concentration, and to determine whether changes in plasma glutamine concentration relate to the appearance of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in swimmers during intensified training. Resting plasma glutamine concentration was measured by high performance liquid chromatography in 24 elite swimmers (8 male, 16 female, ages 15-26 yr) during 4 wk of intensified training (increased volume). Symptoms of overtraining syndrome (OT) were identified in eight swimmers (2 male, 6 female) based on decrements in swim performance and persistent high fatigue ratings; non-overtrained subjects were considered well-trained (WT). Ten of 24 swimmers (42%, 1 OT and 9 WT) exhibited URTI during the study. Plasma glutamine concentration increased significantly (P= 0.04, ANOVA) over the 4 wk, but the increase was significant only in WT swimmers(P< 0.05,post-hocanalysis). Compared with WT, plasma glutamine was significantly lower in OT at the mid-way timepoint only(P< 0.025,t-test with Bonferroni correction). There was no significant difference in glutamine levels between athletes who developed URTI and those who did not. These data suggest that plasma glutamine levels may not necessarily decrease during periods of intensified training, and that the appearance of URTI is not related to changes in plasma glutamine concentration in overtrained swimmers.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Forty-one adolescent males (11.1-18.3 yr) with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 37 healthy adolescent males (11.1-17.9 yr) performed a Wingate Anaerobic Test(WAnT). The group with CF was subdivided by sexual maturity, nutritional status, and degree of airway obstruction. The subjects with CF had lower absolute power outputs than the healthy controls [mean power in Watts (mean± SD): 350.2 ± 135.9 vs 424.5 ± 120.4,P< 0.001; peak power: 525.2 ± 178.4 vs 665.9 ± 191.3,P< 0.001). When absolute power was corrected for lean body mass, the subjects with CF had lower power outputs than the healthy controls (mean power in W·kg-1: 8.9 ± 1.7 vs 9.6 ± 0.9,P< 0.05; peak power: 13.4 ± 2.1 vs 15.0 ± 1.6,P< 0.05). The subgroup with CF with a higher body mass index (BMI > 17.5 kg·m-2) had higher peak and mean power output than subjects with CF with a lower BMI in both absolute power and when power was expressed per lean body mass. When sexual maturation was considered, subjects with CF with salivary testosterone greater than 4.0 ng·dl-1had a higher mean and peak power in both absolute terms and relative to lean body mass than subjects with CF with salivary testosterone less than 4.0 ng·dl-1. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the nutritional factor accounted for 70%-80% of the variability in power output in the subjects with CF, while testosterone accounted for 10% of the variability. Pulmonary function was not a significant independent correlate of anaerobic power. Our results suggest that nutritional status, and to a lesser extent maturational factors, may play a more important role than pulmonary function in determining anaerobic fitness in male adolescents with CF.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Previous studies investigating motion of the ankle joint complex (AJC) and its relationship to chronic long-distance running injuries have quantified motion relative to a neutral position. No investigators have examined pronation during running relative to a total range of motion of the AJC. This investigation developed a method to quantify pronation during running from a total range of motion of the AJC. A six degree of freedom fixture quantified an active range of motion of the AJC. Common methods were used to obtain kinematic data of the AJC from running as a function of time. A method was developed to directly relate the range of motion data to the kinematic data. Fourteen overpronating and 10 normal runners were tested. Angular variables describing ranges of motion and maximum values were determined for each group, and an unpairedt-test was used to test for significant differences(P< 0.05). Results indicated over-pronators had maximum eversion and abduction values during running that were significantly different from the normal runners. When measured from a neutral position no clear testable hypothesis was evident to identify runners predisposed to injury. When measured relative to the end ranges of motion a clear testable hypothesis was apparent. This method could be used to prospectively test the hypothesis.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The first ACSM Basic Science Specialty Conference was held in Indianapolis, September 28-30, 1995. The topic was integration among cellular metabolism, blood flow regulation, and O2supply during exercise, principally in skeletal muscle. The structure of the meeting was uniquely designed to emphasize free discussion among the 102 registrants; thus, this unique program design does not lend itself to a conventional collection of written symposium proceedings. On the other hand, the College, editor-in-chief Peter B. Raven, and the meeting organizers felt that a summary of the meeting's major points was important to compile and distribute to members viaMedicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Therefore, the organizing committee present a summary of the major issues discussed.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Anaerobic ATP production in skeletal muscle and the accumulated oxygen deficit (O2D) incurred during an exhaustive cycle bout (duration = 173± 24 s; intensity = 112 ± 3%˙VO2peak), were determined in 10 male cyclists (mean ± SD: ˙VO2peak= 69.8± 4.2 ml·kg-1·min-1). Anaerobic ATP production (mmol·kg-1d.w.) was determined from changes in lactate, phosphocreatine, ATP, and ADP in vastus lateralis. Muscle buffer value and the activities of glycogen phosphorylase (PHOS), phosphofructokinase and citrate synthase (CS) were also determined. The anaerobic ATP production determined from measured muscle metabolites was 202.7 ± 46.9 mmol·kg-1d.w. and was correlated (P≤ 0.05) with muscle buffer value (r = 0.81), PHOS (r = 0.69) and the ratio of PHOS to CS activity (r = 0.77). The O2D was 55.2 ± 10.3 ml O2Eq·kg-1, but was not correlated (P> 0.05) with anaerobic ATP production (r = -0.38), buffer value (r = -0.50) or PHOS (r =-0.39). These latter findings could be explained by error in measuring the O2D and/or muscle anaerobic ATP production in well-trained cyclists.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The estrogen-dependent cancers (breast, endometrial, and ovarian) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in American women. Increased incidence of these cancers is predicted in the future, and the need for primary prevention is clear. Sufficient evidence has accumulated to warrant an analysis of the relationship between physical activity and estrogen-dependent cancer. Recent epidemiological studies confirm an inverse relationship between physical activity and estrogen-dependent cancer, with stronger associations appearing for occupational activity than for leisure time or nonoccupational activity. Several hypothesized mechanisms are described for the prevention of estrogen-dependent cancer by physical activity: 1) maintenance of low body fat and moderation of extraglandular estrogen, 2) reduction in number of ovulatory cycles and subsequent diminution of lifetime exposure to endogenous estrogen, 3) enhancement of natural immune function, and 4) the association of other healthy lifestyle habits. Although the mechanisms are not well defined, several lines of evidence support the inclusion of low-to-moderate physical activity as a preventive strategy for estrogen-dependent cancer.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Epidemiologic, animal, clinical, and metabolic studies demonstrate the independent roles of physical activity and nutrition in the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases. Fewer data are available to describe the synergistic effects of exercise and diet, and questions remain as to whether and how these two lifestyle factors work together to promote health and prevent disease. This paper briefly reviews many of the known effects of physical activity and nutrition on the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, obesity, and osteoporosis as well as how exercise and diet may work together. A discussion of how to increase physical activity levels and how to improve dietary intake also is included. Finally, current exercise and dietary recommendations are summarized, as are directions for future research.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sideward cutting movements occur frequently in sports activities, such as basketball, soccer, and tennis. These activities show a high incidence of injuries to the lateral aspect of the ankle. Consequently, the lateral stability of sport shoes seems important. The purpose of this study was to show the effect of different shoe sole properties (hardness, thickness, torsional stiffness) and designs on the lateral stability during sideward cutting movements. A film analysis was conducted including 12 subjects performing a cutting movement barefoot and with five different pairs of shoes each filmed in the frontal plane. A standard film analysis was conducted; for the statistical analysis, various parameters such as the range of motion in inversion and the angular velocity of the rearfoot were used. The results showed a large difference between the barefoot and shod conditions with respect to the lateral stability. Two shoes performed significantly better(P< 0.05) than the others with a decreased inversion movement and less slipping inside the shoe. The two shoes differed mainly in the shoe sole design (hollow inner core) and the upper (high-cut). It is concluded that lateral stability may be improved by altering the properties and design of the shoe sole as well as the upper.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID