摘要:

LADDER, T. D. and F. M. MOSES. Recurrent abdominal pain from abdominal adhesions in an endurance triathlete.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 623–625, 1995. Abdominal adhesions have been described as developing postoperatively and as developing “spontaneously” in patients over 60 yr old. To our knowledge, abdominal adhesions have not been described as an etiology of recurrent abdominal pain in young endurance athletes, without prior history of abdominal surgery. We present a 28-yr-old endurance triathlete with recurrent abdominal pain in which multiple diagnostic imaging studies were unable to diagnose the etiology. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed adhesions between the ascending colon and the anterior abdominal wall. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis was performed successfully and the athlete resumed his training several weeks post-laparoscopy without symptoms. One year later, the athlete remains pain free.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

MOORE, G. E. and A. L. ANDERSON. Runner with gout and an aortic valve nodule.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 626–628, 1995. A 33-yr-old male ran 10 miles, drank some beer, and developed pain in his left knee and ankle. He took some leftover antibiotics but was no better after 6 d, when a heart murmur and an aortic valve nodule were discovered. He was presumed to have endocarditis with septic arthritis and was started on intravenous antibiotics. On the second hospital day, synovial fluid analysis revealed acute gout, and the patient improved very rapidly on anti-gout therapy. The valvular nodule remained unexplained, but one very rare cause of valvular heart nodules is visceral gout. An unsuccessful attempt to resorb the nodule was made by using allopurinol. This patient demonstrates several points about gout in endurance athletes: 1) acute gout can mimic infectious endocarditis, 2) misdiagnosed or undertreated gout often leads to multiple joint involvement and sometimes to visceral tophi, and 3) athletes who exercise in warm weather and quench their thirst with cold beer are at risk for acute gout.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

BATT, M. E., J. M. McSHANE, and M. F. DILLINGHAM. Osteitis pubis in collegiate football players.Med. Sci. Spans Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 629–633, 1995. Osteitis pubis in athletes is an inflammatory condition of the pubic symphysis and surrounding muscular insertions. It is of uncertain etiology, however, and is seen particularly in those sports requiring sprinting and sudden changes of direction. There is a paucity of literature of this condition occurring in players of American football. This report presents two such cases and details proposed etiology and a specific management protocol.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

STERNFELD, B., C. P. QUESENBERRY JR., B. ESKENAZI, and L. A. NEWMAN. Exercise during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 634–640, 1995. To investigate the effects of participation in aerobic exercise on pregnancy outcome, 388 women (mean age = 31.7, range = 18–42) were followed from a mean 16.5-wk gestation through delivery. Frequency, duration, and mode of aerobic exercise prior to conception and during the first trimester were determined by in-person interviews. Activity patterns during the second and third trimesters were assessed by telephone interviews. For each time period, women were categorized into one of the following exercise groups: Level 1 = aerobic exercise, excluding vigorous walking, at least three times a week for at least 20 min a time; Level II = aerobic exercise at least three times a week and 20 min at a time, if and only if vigorous walking is included; Level III = aerobic exercise less than three times a week, 20 min a time; and Level IV = aerobic exercise less than once a week. Mean birthweight was statistically unrelated to level of exercise prcconccptionally or in any trimester. Gestational age, weight gain, and other pregnancy outcomes were also unassociated with exercise level. However, pregnancy symptoms were inversely associated with level of exercise; women who exercised more earlier in pregnancy reported fewer discomforts later in pregnancy (P= 0.01). These data suggest that participation in aerobic exercise during pregnancy at a level great enough to produce or maintain a training effect does not adversely affect birthweight or other maternal and infant outcomes but may be associated temporally with fewer perceived pregnancy-associated discomforts.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

VAN CAMP, S. P., C. M. BLOOR, F. O. MUELLER, R. C. CANTU, and H. G. OLSON. Nontraumatic sports death in high school and college athletes.Med.Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 5, pp.641–647, 1995. Nontraumatic deaths occur each year in organized high school and college athletics, resulting in considerable public concern. We conducted a study of the frequency and causes of nontraumatic sports deaths in high school and college athletes in the USA through the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research to define the magnitude of this problem and its causes. Over a 10-yr period, July 1983-Junc 1993, nontraumatic sports deaths were reported in 126 high school athletes (115 males and 11 females) and 34 college athletes (31 males and 3 females). Estimated death rates in male athletes were fivefold higher than in female athletes (7.47 vs 1.33 per million athletes per year,P< 0.0001), and twofold higher in male college athletes than in male high school athletes (14.50 vs 6.60 per million athletes per year,P< 0.0001). Cardiovascular conditions were more common causes of death than noncardiovascular conditions. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congenital coronary artery anomalies were the most common causes of death. In high school and college athletes, males are at increased risk for nontraumatic sports deaths compared with females even after adjustment for participation frequency; college males are at greater risk than high school males. In all groups the deaths were primarily due to cardiovascular conditions.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

MORRISSEY, M. C., E. A. HARMAN, and M. J. JOHNSON. Resistance training modes: specificity and effectiveness.Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 648–660, 1995. There is considerable demand for information on the effectiveness of various resistance exercises for improving physical performance, and on how exercise programs must match functional activities to produce the greatest performance gains (training specificity). Evidence supports exercise-type specificity; the greatest training effects occur when the same exercise type is used for both testing and training. Range-of-motion (ROM) specificity is supported; strength improvements are greatest at the exercised joint angles, with enough carryover to strengthen ROMs precluded from direct training due to injury. Velocity specificity is supported; strength gains are consistently greatest at the training velocity, with some carryover. Some studies have produced a training effect only for velocities at and below the training velocity while others have produced effects around the training velocity. The little, mainly isokinetic, evidence comparing different exercise velocities for improving functional performance suggests that faster exercise best improves fast athletic movements. Yet isometric exercise can improve actions like the vertical jump, which begin slowly. The rate of force application may be more important in training than actual movement speed. More research is needed into the specificity and efficacy of resistance exercise. Test populations should include both males and females of various ages and rehabilitation patients.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

REGENSTEINER, J. G., J. SIPPEL, E. T. McFARLING, E. E. WOLFEL, and W. R. HIATT. Effects of non-insulin-dependent diabetes on oxygen consumption during treadmill exercise.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 661–667, 1995. Persons with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), in the absence of complications, have a decreased exercise performance compared with nondiabetic subjects. However, degree of impairment and factors associated with reduced exercise performance have not been fully characterized. Maximal exercise performance using a graded treadmill protocol was assessed in 10 sedentary persons with uncomplicated NIDDM (aged 51 ± 7) and 10 healthy age- and activity-matched controls. Potential correlates of exercise performance measured included fasting and post-exercise glucose concentrations and fasting insulin concentration, hemoglobin A1C, hematocrit, and whole blood viscosity. At maximal exercise, diabetic persons had a 24% lower maximal walking lime and 20% lower maximal VO2than controls (bothP< 0.05), while hemodynamic measures did not differ between groups. During graded exercise, at work loads below the maximal one, the relationship between VO2and work load was significantly lower in persons with NIDDM than controls by an average of 16%. No correlations were found between peak exercise performance and any of the potential correlates of exercise performance measured. We conclude that persons with NIDDM have an impaired peak exercise performance not associated with degree of glycemic control. The reduced rate of increase in oxygen consumption during increasing submaximal work loads in NIDDM suggests that limitations in oxygen delivery may impair exercise performance in otherwise healthy persons with diabetes.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SPECTOR, S. A., M. R. JACKMAN, L. A. SABOUNJIAN, C. SAKKAS, D, M. LANDERS, and W. T. WILLIS. Effect of choline supplementation on fatigue in trained cyclists.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 5. pp. 668–673, 1995. The availability of choline, the precursor of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, in the diet is sufficient to provide the body's requirements under normal conditions. However, preliminary evidence indicates that depletion of choline may limit performance, while oral supplementation may delay fatigue during prolonged efforts. A double-blind cross-over design was used to determine the relationship between plasma choline and fatigue during supramaximal brief and submaximal prolonged activities. Twenty male cyclists (ages 23–29) with maximal aerobic power (VO2max) between 58 and 81 ml·min-1·kg-1were randomly divided into BRIEF (N= 10) and PROLONGED (N= 10) groups. One hour after drinking a beverage with or without choline bitartrate (2.43 g), cyclists began riding at a power output equivalent to approximately 150% (BRIEF) and 70% (PROLONGED) of VO2maxat a cadence of 80–90 rpm. Time to exhaustion, indirect calorimetry and serum choline, lactate, and glucose were measured. Increases in choline levels of 37 and 52% were seen within one hour of ingestion for BRIEF and PROLONGED groups, respectively. Neither group depleted choline during exercise under the choline or placebo conditions. Fatigue times and work performed under either test condition for the BRIEF or PROLONGED groups were similar. Consequently, trained cyclists do not deplete choline during supramaximal brief or prolonged submaximal exercise, nor do they benefit from choline supplementation to delay fatigue under these conditions.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

DEVOR, S. T. and T. P. WHITE. Myosin heavy chain phenolype in regenerating skeletal muscle is affected by thyroid hormone.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 574–681, 1995. The purpose was to test hypotheses regarding the affect of thyroid hormone status on development of myosih heavy chain (MHC) protein phenotype in regenerating skeletal muscle. Solcus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle grafts were studied 30 and 60 d following graft operations in cu-, hypo-, and hypethyroid rats. Hyperthyroidism had a more profound affect on MHC phenotype than did hypothyroidism, and this was noted in SOL grafts more so than EDL grafts. For example, compared with cuthyroid hosts at 30 d, SOL grafts from hyperthyroid hosts demonstrated a decrease from 83% to 3% in Type 1 MHC, and a decrease from 11% to 4% in Type IIa. Furthermore, Type IIx MHC increased from 5% to 12%, and Type IIb MHC increased from 3% to 82%. The change in Type I and IIb MHC noted at 30 d partially or fully reversed to cuthyroid values by 60 d, whereas the hyperthyroid-induccd differences in Type IIa and IIx were sustained. The adaptation of control muscles to hypo- and hyperthyroidism was qualitatively similar to muscle grafts for all MHC protein isoforms with the exception of Type IIx, which was expressed more so in grafts. For both grafts and control muscles, the adaptive response of MHC phenotype to sustained hyperthyroidism is transient for several of the MHC isoforms.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

FEDEL, F. J., S. J, KETEYIAN, C. A. BRAWNER, C. R. C. MARKS, M. J. HAKIM, and T. KATAOKA. Cardiorespiratory responses during exercise in competitive in-line skaters.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 682–687, 1995. This study describes the cardiorespiratory responses of 12 male (age = 30 ± 6 yr) competitive in-line skaters during peak and submaximal skating. We hypothesized that velocities of 22.5 and 27.4 km·h-1would clicit heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) responses consistent with the American College of Sports Medicine's guidelines for developing cardiorespiratory fitness. Using a 644-m indoor cement course, subjects completed 10 trials comprised of various velocities, stroke frequencies, and body positions. At 22.5 km·h-1, HR and VO2were 74 and 51% of peak, respectively. At 27.4 km·hr-1, HR and VO2were 85 and 72% of peak, respectively. When compared to the College's guidelines, regression analysis revealed a leftward shift in the VO2-HR relationship, evidenced by a disproportionately higher HR at a VO2approximating 60 vs 80% of peak. At 22.5 km·h-1our skaters self-selected a stroke frequency which resulted in less of an increase in both HR and VO2, when compared to the imposed stroke frequencies of 50 min-1and 70 min-1. Also, skating at 27.4 km·h-1in the bent vs upright position resulted in less of an increase in HR and VO2. Competitive in-line skaters are capable of safely skating at velocities sufficient to stimulate an increase in cardiorespiratory fitness. These athletes select a stroke frequency and utilize a body position which results in favorable HR and VO2responses.

ISSN:0195-9131    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID