摘要:

Phototherapy (PT) has been reported to increase bile acid excretion in the bile of adults with liver cirrhosis. We investigated the effect of PT on the levels of serum total bile acids (STBA), conjugated cholic acid (CCA), conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid (CCDCA), conjugated lithocholic acid (CLCA), and sulfolithocho-lylgiycine (SLCG) in 13 neonates with unconjugated nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia before and after 12 h of PT. The treatment produced a statistically significant (p < 0.02) reduction in both STB A and CCA levels, whereas no effect on the other fractions was observed. The percentage of reduction was the same for STBA and CCA concentrations, indicating that the effect is related to a specific reduction in CCA levels. The magnitude of the expected decrease in the level of serum bilirubin is not correlated with that in bile acids in individual cases. The data are interpreted as suggesting that PT can affect the metabolism of bile acids by decreasing STBA and CCA levels in neonates through an increase in their biliary excretion associated with the reduced intestinal absorption of CCA occurring in newborns.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To evaluate the potential role of taurine deficiency in the pathogenesis of parenteral nutrition-induced cholestasis, 20 premature (<34 weeks AGA) infants were randomized to receive parenteral nutrition with and without taurine (10.8 mg/kg/day) during the first 10 days of life. Birth weight, gestational age, and protein and caloric intake were similar in both groups. Plasma taurine levels and hepatic function were assessed before the study began (3 ± 1 days of age), at 5 ± 1 days of age, and at 9 ± 1 days of age. Although plasma taurine levels were significantly greater at 5 ± 1 and 9 ± 1 days of age (p = 0.009) in the group receiving supplementation, no differential effect on hepatocellular function could be detected during this short period of time. A decrease in plasma ammonia (p = 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = 0.036), γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) (p = 0.05), 5-nucleotidase (5'N) (p = 0.001), and bile salt concentrations was noted in both groups, indicating the rapid maturation of hepatic function even in the presence of parenteral nutrition during the first 10 days of life.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of supplementing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions with cysteine were assessed at two different levels of nitrogen intake by determining nitrogen retention, sulfate excretion, and sulfur-containing amino acid concentrations. Ten infants received 72 mg/ kg/day of cysteine-HCl in a TPN solution for a period of 6 days. Five of these infants received 251 ± 48 (±SD) mg/kg/day of nitrogen, and five received 403 ± 45 mg/ kg/day of nitrogen. Two other groups of five infants each received unsupplemented TPN at nitrogen intakes of 235 ± 48 and 412 ± 54 mg/kg/day, respectively. Fluid and nonprotein caloric intakes were similar for all four groups. Cysteine supplementation increased plasma and urine free cyst(e)ine concentrations and enhanced total sulfur retention, but did not enhance nitrogen retention. [Cyst(e)ine refers to the mixture in any proportion of the sulfhydryl (cysteine) and the disulfide (cystine) forms of this compound.] Nitrogen retention, sulfate excretion, cyst(e)ine excretion, and plasma taurine concentrations increased as the result of the increase in nitrogen intake.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Forty-eight children below 18 months of age suffering from acute gastroenteritis were given a glucose-electrolyte mixture (GEM) for the first 24 h following hospital admission. They were then allocated alternately to the study group which immediately went back to full-strength cow's milk feeds, or to the control group to which milk was reintroduced gradually over a 4-day period. The majority of infants in both groups had an uncomplicated recovery (70 and 96%, respectively). A complicated recovery, however, occurred more commonly in the study group. Seven patients in this group, compared with only one in the control group, had an immediate recurrence of symptoms of such severity that a return to intravenous fluids or the GEM was necessary. These complications were confined to those less than 9 months of age. It is concluded that children over 9 months of age with acute gastroenteritis may be given full-strength milk immediately after 24 h of treatment with a glucose-electrolyte solution, but for children under 9 months the conventional regrading over several days should be retained.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The present investigation was undertaken to quantitate the whole-blood amino acid concentrations of the mother and fetus over an extended period of fasting using a chronic sheep preparation. Fetal amino acid levels generally increased or remained relatively high during the fast (e.g., alanine, glycine, valine, leucine). In contrast to the situation in the fetus, most amino acids (alanine, glycine, glutamine, serine, and threonine) decreased in concentration in the ewe with fasting. Alanine levels changed most dramatically in the ewe, decreasing to less than 50% of the fed state values within 72 h of fasting. Therefore, while the supply of gluconeogenic amino acids becomes limited within the maternal circulation during fasting, levels of these amino acids remain high or increase in the fetal arterial blood.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Iron supplementation is recommended for formula-fed infants, and it is currently suggested that iron be supplemented in formulas at a minimum of 6 mg/L. A negative side effect of iron supplementation, however, may be a reduction in the absorption of elements with similar physicochemical properties. We investigated this possibility by evaluating the impact of iron supplementation at 6 mg/L on tissue concentrations of zinc, copper, and manganese. Weanling mice fed a supplemented diet for 4 weeks had markedly lower tissue manganese concentrations than mice fed a nonsupplemented diet. Tissue zinc and copper levels were only marginally affected. The potential negative effect of iron supplementation on manganese status in the human infant should be evaluated.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Little is known concerning the effects of elemental diets on bowel adaptation following massive resection. Fourteen of 28 Sprague-Dawley rats (40–45 g) were subjected to a 60% jejunoileal resection. Seven of the resected animals and seven sham-operated controls were then placed on a diet containing all protein in the form of casein hydrolysate. The remaining seven resected animals and seven sham-operated controls were placed on a comparable diet in which all the protein was casein. Each control animal was paired with a resected animal. After 2 weeks, unidirectional glucose and leucine transport was determined from intestinal sacs made from the proximal 3 cm and distal 3 cm of the remaining bowel. The midportion was used for the determination of mucosal weight and protein and sucrase content. When expressed as a percent increase over control values per centimeter of bowel, only sucrase levels were significantly elevated in the distal bowel in casein hydrolysate- versus casein-fed animals. The mucosal protein level, mucosal weight, and glucose uptake did not differ from control values when expressed as a percent change. Leucine uptake was significantly decreased in casein hydrolysatefed animals when compared to that in casein-fed animals in both the proximal and distal bowel, again when expressed as a percent change from the control values. The administration of protein in the form of casein hydrolysate following massive bowel resection does not adversely affect mucosal hyperplasia occurring after resection but may have an adverse effect on the enhancement of amino acid absorption.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The measurement of milk yield in any suckling mammal is difficult, and studies on women pose additional restrictions because of the limitations on the nature of the techniques which can be used. The most commonly used method for determining milk yield in women is test weighing. In this method either the infant or the mother is weighed before and after a breast feed, and the difference between the two weights is considered to be the amount of milk produced. The reliability of the results obtained by the test weighing procedure depends on both the interval over which milk yield is recorded and the pattern of breast-feeding adopted by the mother. Other methods including isotope dilution, infant growth, and milk expression have been used to determine milk yield in women. Estimations of the yield of breast milk are usually made either to determine the nutrient intake of the infant or to investigate the synthetic capacity of the lactating breast. These goals require the estimation of both milk yield and milk composition. Although it is difficult to obtain a reliable measure of the average fat content of milk consumed by an infant, estimates can be obtained by the use of either a nipple-shield sampling system or a predictive equation based on the concentration of fat in fore- and hindmilk.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relative merits of test weighing, water turnover methods, and a flowmeter method for the measurement of milk intake in breast-fed babies are reviewed to allow the prospective investigator to choose the method most suited to his or her needs. Provided that measurements are made over 3–4 days to minimize the effects of day-to-day variation in milk intake, test weighing is a satisfactory procedure when feed frequency is low and individual feed volumes are large. However, in developing countries where frequency is high and feed volumes low, test weighing is inherently less accurate and may impose an unfamiliar and unphysiological discipline on the mother and child that severely limits its usefulness. In these circumstances methods based on the measurement of water turnover rates using2H2O are the only procedures likely to yield useful information. A method in which single doses of2H2O are given to the mother, and milk intake rates measured over 14 days, is described. Neither test weighing nor water turnover methods provide simultaneous milk intake and composition data. The development of flowmeter methods will make this possible, but their use is likely to be limited to metabolic wards rather than the home and widespread use in community studies is not a practical proposition.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID