摘要:

In a group of nine children with postenteritis enteropathy (i.e., persisting small-intestinal mucosal damage and failure-to-thrive after an acute episode of gastroenteritis), absorption capacities for vitamin B12and folic acid were studied and compared with hematological status in peripheral blood. The fractional absorptions of vitamin B12(FAB12) and folic acid (FAFol) were determined by means of a double-isotope technique employing a single-stool-sample test. The children were examined when growth retardation was maximal, and examinations were repeated during the late recovery period. In spite of considerable small-intestinal mucosal damage, only the absorption of vitamin B12was markedly affected, while that of folic acid was almost intact. When growth retardation was maximal, FAB12was below the normal age-correlated range in half of the children. FAB12was also severely reduced in all longitudinally observed children when compared with the results obtained during the late recovery period (p < 0.005). FAFol was below the normal range in one fourth of the children, but the reduction was modest and insignificant when compared with the results of repeated examinations during the late recovery period. A moderate iron deficiency was detected in half the children. High levels of plasma vitamin B12, folic acid, and erythrocyte folate were detected at both early and later examinations, indicating that these parameters were not affected by the reduced absorption capacities. However, if malabsorption and chronic diarrhea are combined with low dietary intake of vitamin B12, as is the case for many children in the Third World, depletion of vitamin B12stores may result.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

During the decade from 1976 to 1986, the age-related incidence of meconium ileus equivalent (MIE) was calculated on the basis of 240 Danish cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In the first 5 years, the patients were given enteric-coated granules of pancreatic enzymes (Pancreatin, Rosco, Denmark), and a low fat diet was recommended. In the last 5 years, the Center recommended supplementation with acid-resistent, enteric-coated, encapsulated microspheres (Pancrease, Cilag, Birker&phis;d, Denmark), and high-energy intake with a 40% fat content and no dietary restrictions. There was no difference in the incidence of MIE when these two 5-year periods were compared, and the overall incidence of MIE was low (5.4 MIEs/1.000 patient years). This may, at least in part, be due to the rather high intake of exocrine pancreas enzyme supplementation (EPES) (a mean intake of 0.9 capsules/kg/day). MIE occurred almost exclusively among patients >15 years old and peaked in young adults aged 20–25 years (35.5 MIEs/1.000 patient years). The daily intake of EPES/kg of body weight declined significantly with age, and the patients who developed MIE received even less than average per day. Both of these points strengthen the view that a low enzyme dosage is likely to have an effect on the incidence of MIE.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Variations in oligosaccharides and lactose in human milk were studied in 15 mothers during the first week of lactation. The neuraminyloligosaccharides and heavy neutral oligosaccharides increased slightly from days 2 to 5 postpartum and appeared to decrease until day 7. The lacto-N-difucohexaoses, lacto-N-fucopentaoses, and lacto-N-tetraose increased until day 5 and then decreased. Lactodifucotetraose and the fucosidolactoses decreased substantially until day 5 (p < 0.05) and appeared to stabilize in the following days. Lactose increased until day 5 (p < 0.05) and continued to increase thereafter. Lactose was negatively correlated with total oligosaccharides (p < 0.10). The fluctuations observed in total oligosaccharides from days 2 to 5 postpartum and their subsequent stabilization and regular decrease during lactation confirm the hypothesis of Kulski and Hartmann that mammary secretion occurs in three periods: colostrum for the first 36 h postpartum, transitional milk from days 2 to 5 postpartum, and mature milk after day 5. The oligosaccharide variations we found corresponded to those of other milk constituents observed by other authors. The significance of the oligosaccharide variations is discussed.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Because of the variability of human milk carbohydrate composition, we determined the discriminant carbohydrate components of the milk of 18 mothers according to their ABH and Lewis secretor types during the first week of lactation. Comparative chromatograms revealed that the presence of neuraminyloligosaccharides is linked to the ABH secretor groups, and that the absence of oligosaccharides with Leaor Lebspecificity is linked to the Lewis nonsecretor types. The study of carbohydrate composition according to donor secretor types consisted of measuring 16 variables from 69 samples. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between groups: high levels of N-acetylneuraminic acid and low levels of galactose distinguished ABH secretors from nonsecretors (p < 0.001). In the ABH secretor groups, A and H secretors had higher N-acetylglucosamine contents than B and AB secretors (p < 0.001) and lower galactose levels (p < 0.001). The Lewis secretor groups were distinguished by significantly higher fucose levels (p < 0.001). The ABH(+)Le(a - b -) group had higher lactose contents than the other groups (p < 0.01).

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The serum carnitine (total carnitine), total protein, amino acid, and triglyceride levels were determined in children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Compared with levels in controls, serum carnitine levels were significantly decreased in patients on CAPD for more than 4 months, while those of patients on CAPD for 1–3 months were not decreased. Patients on CAPD for more than 4 months also showed lower serum total protein levels than in normal controls. The mean triglyceride levels in patients on CAPD for both 1–3 months and more than 4 months were higher than those in normal controls. Among the amino acids, the serum levels of tryptophan, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, valine, serine, and aspargine were significantly lower in patients treated with CAPD than in normal controls, whereas the levels of other amino acids were either increased or not changed. Isoleucine and leucine levels showed a strong correlation with serum carnitine. Our data suggest that malnutrition plays a role in the decrease of serum carnitine levels in patients receiving CAPD.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Total and free carnitine and acylcarnitine concentrations were analyzed in whole blood and plasma in 12 children with a mean age of 68.4 ± 42.9 months who had received carnitine-free total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for an average of 4 years. The purpose of the study was to see if the children had become carnitine deficient and, if so, whether this correlated with poor lipid clearance. Compared to controls, the TPN-dependent children had significantly decreased concentrations of total and free carnitine in blood (26.6 ± 9.4 (SD) μmol/L vs. 43.3 ± 9.1 μmol/L, p < 0.001, and 17.1 ± 7.7 μmol/L vs. 35.2 ± 8.1 μmol/L, p < 0.001, respectively). Similar results were found in plasma (total carnitine of 19.0 ± 8.0 μmol/L vs. 41.9 ± 5.2 μmol/L, p < 0.001, and free carnitine of 15.7 ± 7.3 μmol/L vs. 36.1 ± 5.2 μmol/L, p < 0.001, respectively). The acylcarnitine concentration in plasma was decreased in the TPN children (3.3 ± 1.5 μmol/L vs. 5.8 ± 3.0 μmol/L, p < 0.01) compared to controls. Despite the low carnitine concentrations, serum triglyceride levels and serum free fatty acid levels were within the normal range. There was no correlation between carnitine concentrations in plasma and serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels. Our data show that children receiving carnitine-free TPN for many years developed markedly decreased concentrations of carnitine in blood and plasma. However, no adverse effects of the low carnitine levels were found on triglyceride and free fatty acid metabolism under stable conditions.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

60% of cases), it is rare to find the chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier status with normal transaminases among children. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this status would depend on the duration of HBV infection, that is, whether chronic hepatitis in childhood would lead to the asymptomatic carrier status in later life. We reexamined all of our patients with chronic HBV infection of >10 years' duration and with histologically documented chronic hepatitis during childhood. This was a group of 36 adolescents and young adults. All subjects were screened for tumor using α-fetoprotein assay and hepatic ultrasound. Eight patients with cirrhosis underwent esophageal fiberoptic endoscopy. All patients were in good general condition, with no clinical signs of liver failure. Only two patients had abnormal transaminase levels, both of whom had evidence of delta infection. All but one patient became anti-HBe positive. Five cases had HBsAg clearance. (Seventy-one percent of patients were HBeAg positive and 14% anti-HBe positive at the onset of the disease.) Hepatic ultrasound revealed no tumors in any of the subjects, and fiberoptic endoscopy demonstrated no esophageal varices. This study suggests that (a) chronic hepatitis and asymptomatic carrier status may be subsequent stages of the B virus infection; and (b) chronic hepatitis in childhood is generally benign and may evolve into an asymptomatic carrier status. The main problem with the chronic carrier status is probably the increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of citrate on sodium, potassium chloride, and water absorption in the presence of glucose from the whole rat small intestine was studied by an in vivo marker perfusion technique. The perfusion solutions contained glucose and were similar in their electrolyte composition to the currently recommended oral rehydration solution for the treatment and prevention of diarrheal dehydration. Significantly more sodium and water absorption occurred from the citrate-containing solution than from the one without citrate. It is concluded that citrate enhances net sodium absorption from a glucose electrolyte solution in the rat small intestine independent of glucose-stimulated absorption.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To investigate postnatal maturational profiles of functional and biochemical properties of rat small intestinal microvillus membranes (MVM), we did a longitudinal study in rats from birth to the age of 12 weeks. In parallel, we studied binding of cow's milk proteins and of the wheat gliadin peptide B 3142, as well as MVM proteins (SDS-PAGE). Changes in MVM fluidity and lipid composition exhibited early (0–4 weeks) and intermediate and late (6–12 weeks) patterns, as has been published earlier. Postnatal changes of food protein and peptide binding occurred early during the observation period, not related to weaning. There was not much further change in binding after 6–8 weeks. Developmental profiles of MVM protein and some lipid changes resembled, but did not equal, changes in food protein binding. We conclude that changes in MVM biochemical composition affect MVM binding characteristics. In particular, high molecular weight MVM proteins (susceptible to trypsin treatment) appear to play a role in postnatal maturational differences in MVM food protein binding.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A histochemical study of the time course of the appearance and location of lactase and α-glucosidase (used to detect sucrase and maltase) activities was carried out on control and rotavirus-infected mice from 7 to 14 days old. The overall pattern of enzyme activity was in agreement with previous quantitative studies on the activities of these enzymes. No evidence was obtained to support the idea that lactase deficiency was the result of repopulation of villi (denuded of lactase-producing villus cells) with immature lactase-negative cells. Low lactase activity was more likely to reflect profound changes in metabolically crippled cells, and recovery of lactase activity with recovery of normal metabolic functions. The location of enzyme activity to brush border regions rather than the cytoplasm of villus enterocytes enhances the significance of previous quantitative studies on these enzymes. The timing and duration of diminished lactase activities were such that they were unlikely to cause the induction or perpetuation of diarrhea in murine rotavirus diarrhea. The appearance in infected animals of α-glucosidase 3 days earlier than normal indicates that, in addition to reversible changes seen with lactase, developmental changes were accelerated that affected both crypt and villus cells.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID