摘要:

Previous work from this laboratory has suggested there is a risk of hemorrhagic disease of the new-born (HDNB) in approximately one-third of term neonates, presumably as a result of vitamin K deficiency. Using the same assay for PIVKA (protein induced by vitamin K absence, prothrombin precursor), we studied 46 normal mother-infant pairs at term to investigate the relationship between neonatal and maternal PIVKA status. PIVKA was found in 13 infants (28%) and in seven mothers (15%). Maternal PIVKA status correlated with infant status (p < 0.03). These data suggest that fetal vitamin K deficiency and risk of HDNB may be a consequence of maternal deficiency of the vitamin.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was initiated to evaluate the effect of early expression on the bacterial colony count of human milk. Significant bacterial contamination ($10,000 colony-forming units/ml milk) was more common in 11 mothers who delayed the onset of expression of their milk compared with mothers who began to express their milk in the immediate postpartum period (n = 15) or who began to nurse their own full-term infants soon after delivery (n = 9). These data suggest that mothers who are separated from their prematurely born or sick infants should begin to express milk for their own infants as soon after birth as possible to provide milk with low bacterial contamination for frozen storage and later use.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A protocol for selection of donors of milk samples is presented. Various methods for the sampling of milk are critically reviewed and a tested procedure is described. The measurement of milk volume is reviewed. Analyses for milk lipids are presented and discussed. Results of the analyses relative to various factors affecting fat content are given. Depending upon the type of study, sampling of milk by the Egnell or similar pump is recommended. For field studies, the creamatocrit procedure for estimation of fat content is acceptable if calibrated. Satisfactory research methods are the Roese-Gottlieb, modified Folch, and dry column extractions followed by gravimetry.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Oxyntic gland mucosal ribosomes from 7− to 30-day-old rats were asayed for their ability to synthesize endogenous messenger RNA (mRNA) and poly(U)-directed protein in a cell-free system. Normal rat liver cell sap (105,000 g supernatant) was used as a source for transfer RNA (tRNA) and activating enzymes. Total mucosal DNA and ribosome content [as assessed by ribosomal RNA (rRNA)] were also determined. Although both DNA and rRNA content increased throughout the 4 post-natal weeks, the rRNA/DNA ratio rose sharply during the 2nd and 4th week after birth. The ability of mucosal polyribosomes to synthesize endogenous mRNA-directed protein in a cell-free system remained elevated up to the age of 18 days, then decreased markedly within the next 3 days, and thereafter, declined more slowly. In 21− and 30-day-old rats, the rate of endogenous mRNA-directed protein synthesis by mucosal ribosomes was 50–60% below that of the 7-day-old suckling rats. The protein/ polyphenylalanine ratio, which represents a ratio of polysomes to monosomes, was found to be about 57% lower for ribosomes from 30-day-old rats as compared to 7-day-old suckling animals. The ability of run-off ribosomes (devoid of endogenous mRNA) to translate poly(U) was also found to be 33% lower for 30-day-old rats as compared to the 7-day-old suckling animals.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Turkey embryos were maintained in long-term, shell-less culture to the age of 17 days. At this time, 10 cultures were given saline (controls), and 10 cultures were given 30 μg zinc in saline (+ Zn). In addition, all cultures received 5 μCi each of [35S]cystine and65Zn dissolved in the saline and applied to the chorioallantoic membrane. After a further 20 h of incubation, no significant differences were found for embryo, liver, or yolk sac weights nor for relative liver size, hematocrit, serum protein, or serum concentrations of zinc and copper for the control and + Zn cultures. The addition of zinc to the cultures significantly (p < 0.01) elevated hepatic and yolk sac cytosol65Zn and zinc concentrations. More than 70% of the increased65Zn and zinc in the cytosol of liver and yolk sac could be accounted for as that bound to a lowmolecular-weight metallothionein (MT)-like protein. Added zinc significantly (p < 0.01) increased the incorporation of [35S]cystine and65Zn into the MT-like protein from liver and yolk sac indicatingde novosynthesis of this protein. Liver and yolk sac MT-like proteins eluted from DEAE Sephadex A-25 columns as a single predominant species. The synthesis of an MT-like protein by liver and yolk sac suggests a role in embryonic zinc homeostasis. Moreover, shell-less culture of the avian embryo appears to be a useful method for studying zinc metabolism during periods of embryonic growth and development.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In view of the facts that the normal intestinal flora exerts beneficial effects and that bifidobacteria are a more important component in the breast-fed than in the bottle-fed infant, factors affecting the growth of the latter microorganisms are of interest. A series of transition and other metals were shown to be growth inhibitors ofBifidobacterium bifidumvar.pennsylvanicus.Such inhibition could be reversed fully or partially by 0.5–1.0 mMFe2+in the case of Zn2+, Cu2+, Au3+, Pt4+, La3+, Cr3+Mn2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+, but not with Ag+, Hg2+, and VO2+. In addition, 2–4 mMCa2+substantially relieved the inhibitory effects of Zn2+, Mn2+, and La3+, and partially relieved the effects of Cd2+. Mg2+was ineffective in relieving Zn2+inhibition, but Ba2+and Sr2+could replace Ca2+to some extent. The calcium metabolism antagonists verapamil, ruthenium red, 2-chloroadenosine, lasalocid, Ca-ionophore A-23187, and calmodulin inhibitors W-5 and W-7 inhibited microbial growth. Inhibition could be relieved fully or partially with 0.5–1 mMFe2+. Mg2+relieved the inhibition by lasalocid, Ca-ionophore A-23187, and verapamil, whereas Ca2+was effective only in the case of Ca-ionophore A-23187. We conclude that calcium and magnesium fluxes play an important role in the physiology of the bifidobacteria and that several metal growth inhibitors interfere with iron metabolism.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The diagnosis of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-secreting tumor (VIPoma) was established in two boys on the basis of watery diarrhea with hypokalemia, elevated plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (range of 55–94 pmol/L), and presence of a tumor of the left adrenal gland. Despite celiac angiography, VIP estimation in blood samples taken from different parts of the body, and exploratory laparotomy, localization of the tumor in one childin vivowas unsuccessful. In the other boy, computed tomography revealed a large tumor in the left adrenal gland. Following the removal of the tumor, diarrhea ceased, and 10 days after surgery, the plasma level of VIP was 5 pmol/L. Histologically, the tumors in the two boys were found to be ganglioneuromas. The diagnosis of VIPoma is simple but localization can be very difficult. Surgical removal of VIPoma is often rewarding.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Small intestinal biopsy established the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in a 6-month-old male infant with severe combined immune deficiency. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed the ultrastructural details ofCryptosporidiumin several stages of development within the patient's small intestine. The organism was resistant to all antibiotics used, and the patient died in the 5th month of his illness, despite receiving parenteral alimentation and undergoing thymus trans-plantation. His clinical course was similar to that of other patients with fatal immune deficiencies and cryptosporidiosis. Autopsy demonstrated organisms attacking the epithelium of the small intestine, pancreatic duct, and bronchioles. Multiple organ involvement in this patient negates the view thatCryptosporidiumis site-specific for a given host or is alimentary-canal-specific in humans.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID