ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of phenobarbital on urinary bile acid excretion in intrahepatic cholestasis was studied in four boys 4–43 months of age who received 10 mg/kg of body weight of phenobarbital for a period of 3 weeks-3 years. One child was observed at two different periods: with and without histologically proven cirrhosis. Before the treatment period, the infants excreted 10-fold higher amounts of bile acids in urine than healthy children. The primary bile acids predominated, and there were also increased amounts of polyhydroxylated bile acids, 3β-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid, and ketonic bile acids but small amounts of secondary bile acids. After the phenobarbital treatment, the patients further increased their urinary bile acid excretion, including all kinds of bile acids except the secondary ones. The sulfated fraction did not increase in absolute amounts, and its relative percentage decreased from a mean of 60–33%. Liver function test results generally did not improve, although serum concentration of bilirubin decreased. Most of these changes suggested a worsening of the cholestatic state after phenobarbital treatment. The results indicate that at our present state of knowledge, phenobarbital should not be given routinely to infants or children with intrahepatic cholestasis.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relationship between essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency and disturbance of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis was studied in children after radical operation for extrahepatic biliary atresia (EBA). In addition, to investigate the method for treatment of postoperative EFA deficiency and disturbance of PG biosynthesis, the serum fatty acid and plasma PG levels were determined before and after supplementation of an EFA-rich powder (38 g of linoeic acid per 100 g of powder) through Suruga II enterostomy. Before administration of the EFA-rich powder, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, PGE1, and PGF2αlevels were significantly lower in both good bile excretion and poor bile excretion groups than in the control group. After administration, linoleic acid and PGE1levels significantly increased in the good bile excretion group as compared with the preadministration values. These results suggest that the supplementation of EFA-rich powder is an effective treatment for linoleic acid deficiency and disturbance of PGE1biosynthesis in postoperative EBA patients.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

As in cystic fibrosis (CF), gallbladder (GB) hypokinesia might play a role in the high incidence of either cholelithiasis or atrophic and hypoplastic GBs. We studied the contractility of the GB by ultrasonography (US) in 57 CF patients and in 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We evaluated the status of the GB, the GB volume after an overnight fasting and 30 min after the ingestion of a standardized milk meal, the GB contractility (the percentage of reduction, (%R) of the GB volume after a meal), the presence of gallstones, and finally, the span of the liver. In addition, liver function test results were evaluated in the CF group. We concluded that the mean values of GB contractility in CF patients do not differ from those of healthy controls, the most hypokinetic GBs (%R < 40%) being observed, however, only in the CF group. Gallstones occur in CF patients with a greater frequency than seen in the normal population, even in early childhood. The CF patients' GB mean volumes in fasting conditions are significantly greater than in healthy controls (13.5 ± 2 versus 8.5 ± 1.5 cc, p < 0.0001).

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The kinetics of IgM antibodies to hepatitis A virus (HAV) following an acute infection, were studied in 17 children. Antibodies disappeared in two patterns, one group at 113 ± 18 days after the acute infection in the children, and the second group at 283 ± 90 days. The same two patterns of kinetics were seen in adults. We conclude that IgM anti-HAV antibodies can be found in the sera of children for over 6 months after the acute infection, as was observed in adults.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The influence of breast and formula feeding on specific anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) IgG subclass production and distribution has been investigated in 40 healthy infants, born to HBsAg-positive mothers and vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Twenty children were bottle fed and 20 were breast fed. Specific subclasses were detected at the 4th and 12th months using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal antibodies. A defect in total IgG and IgG subclasses was previously excluded. Significant differences were observed both at the 4th and 12th months for IgG1and IgG2. Breast-fed infants had significantly higher levels of specific IgG2(about three times higher), while IgG1levels were significantly higher in formula-fed infants. Anti-HBsAg IgG4 levels were always higher in bottle-fed infants, but a statistical significance was never present. No difference was found in specific IgG3levels. This study reports the evidence that breast feeding influences specific IgG subclass synthesis against a viral antigen and suggests an immunologic modulation of the response to vaccines dependent not only on age but also on factors present in human milk.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twenty-two full-term infants, nine asymptomatic and 13 symptomatic for chronic digestive problems, had long-term (mean = 21 h) esophageal pH monitoring. All children were observed in strictly standardized conditions including meals and body position. Symptomatic infants presented significantly more esophageal refluxes, spent a greater percentage of time with a pH below 4, had a longer reflux duration (longer clearing time) and presented more refluxes lasting more than 5 min. We performed a determination of the circadian variations of parameters associated with esophageal reflux. Asymptomatic and symptomatic infants presented significant circadian variations of the percentage of time below pH 4 and of the longest duration of reflux. However, symptomatic infants had significantly higher mean values and increased amplitudes of circadian rhythms. Moderate phase lag existed for certain variables between symptomatic and asymptomatic infants. These findings can be helpful when interpreting the results of long-term esophageal pH monitoring.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Esophageal pH monitoring data are influenced by numerous patient- and/or technical equipment-related factors. In this study, data obtained with 10 pH recording devices of two different companies and 10 pH glassmicroelectrodes with an external reference electrode of one company, calibrated by different persons, were compared. Pearson correlation coefficients regarding the reflux index (the percentage of the investigation time with a pH < 4) ranged from 0.93 to 1.00. The lowest correlation coefficient (0.73) was obtained by comparing the number of episodes with a pH < 4 recorded with devices from different companies. These results suggest that differences in pH monitoring data recorded in comparable conditions with one type of pH electrode are irrelevant as far as clinical routine investigations are concerned. Data are not significantly influenced by the recording devices themselves, the age of the electrodes, or the skinpotential differences induced by the person calibrating the probes.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID