ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent work on lipid classes and the fatty acid composition of milk is reviewed. At least 98% of the lipids are triacylglycerols with about 1% phospholipids and 0.3–0.4% cholesterol. Desmosterol has been identified. The major phospholipids (% of total) are: sphingomyelin (32), phosphatidylcholine (25), and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (28). The 12:0 content of colostrum is lower than that of mature milk. The 18:2 content of mature milk can be altered by diet; otherwise, the fatty acid composition is remarkably constant. Long-chain polyunsaturates appear to be needed for development of the infant's brain and nervous system. Data on the contents of these acids are given. The fat-soluble vitamins have been analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The amounts of vitamins D and K in milk, unlike those of A and E, are lower than the quantities required to meet the U.S. Recommended Daily Allowances. Vitamin D sulfate does not appear to be a significant antirachitic component of human milk. Nutritional and analytical aspects are emphasized throughout and areas for future investigations indicated.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An innovative, safe, and rapid method suitable for the determination of lean body mass in infants is described. The machine (EMME) operates on the principle that a biologic specimen in an electromagnetic field perturbs the field proportional to its conductivity which is dependent on the amount of electrolyte present. The physical characteristics of the EMME signal are described. Experiments done with phantom infants composed of electrolyte solution and corn oil showed a very linear relationship between fat-free volume and the natural log of the EMME signal (r = 0.97). A similar relationship was noted for ground beef (r = 0.91) and live rabbits (r = 0.99). The EMME instrument appears to hold promise as a rapid noninvasive means of determining lean body mass in infants.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Antigliadin antibodies (AGAs) were studied in sera from 190 patients divided into five clinical groups. Group I included 28 sera from children with newly diagnosed celiac disease on a normal diet. Group II consisted of 43 sera from children with celiac disease who were fed a gluten-free diet (GFD). Group III included 25 sera from children with celiac disease who had been in remission but exposed to a gluten-containing diet (GCD). Group IV consisted of 46 sera from children with chronic diarrheal disorders other than celiac disease. Group V included 43 sera from healthy children. The observed p values proved that (a) mean titer levels of AGAs in Groups I and III were significantly higher than the mean values for all other groups (p < 0.001), and (b) the mean titer level of AGAs in Group II was significantly higher than the mean values for Groups IV and V A good correlation between the AGA titers and the morphology of the duodenal mucosa was found in children with celiac disease. The examination of IgG AGAs by the immunofluorescence technique used in our study appears to be a useful tool in the follow-up of individual patients to determine adherence to a GFD.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity is an accepted marker of epithelial cell differentiation and integrity in intestinal mucosal explant systems. In experiments involving AP it is usually expressed as activity per unit protein in tissue culture. It has been previously demonstrated that during organ culture a considerable amount of protein and nucleic acid (NA) may leave the cell and enter the surrounding medium. It may therefore not be appropriate to measure enzyme synthesis in relation to total tissue protein. In this study we attempted to gather additional information on enzyme dynamics and tissue integrity during organ culture of intestinal mucosal ex-plants from children with celiac disease (CD) on a normal diet (ND) (n = 21), children with CD on a gluten-free diet (GFD) (n = 12), and patients with gastrointestinal disorders other than CD (controls) (n = 17). We confirmed the leakage of protein, NA, and AP from the tissue explant into the medium, and normalized the AP data by expressing AP as total AP in tissue plus medium per total NA in tissue plus medium. In patients with CD on a ND, the AP level at time 0 was 9.58 ( ± 12.2) mIU/μg NA and after 24 h culture rose to 21.9 ( ± 15.7) mIU/μg NA. In patients with CD on a GFD the baseline AP level was 24.9 ( ± 34.8) mIU/μg NA, and this value rose after culture to 28.6 ( ± 17.9) mIU/μg NA. In the controls the initial AP activity was 17.2 ( ± 15.7) mIU/μg NA, and the increase was to 38 ( ± 27.6) mIU/μg NA. When we related tissue AP levels alone to tissue NA levels, the activity after 24 h incubation was lower than in the preincubation sample. Our study indicates that AP activity in organ culture should be expressed as total AP per total NA.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We are reporting on four infants with cow's milk protein intolerance who presented with hypochromic anemia and occult gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed erosive gastritis or gastroduodenitis in all cases. Management with a cow's milk-free diet led to a favorable clinical and hematological outcome; the endoscopic inflammatory image disappeared after the cow's milk-free diet trial. Challenge with cow's milk led to gastrointestinal symptoms and to impaired D-xylose absorption. The data presented suggest that some patients with cow's milk intolerance may have gastroduodenitis resulting in occult gastrointestinal hemorrhage and hypochromic anemia.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A calcium absorption investigation was carried out with the purpose of determining whether lactose-hydrolyzed milk facilitates calcium absorption in subjects with lactose malabsorption. Nine children participated in the study, which was divided into two investigation periods separated by at least 1 week. During the first period the children were given a lactose-free diet, whereas during the second period their diet contained lactose-hydrolyzed milk. The amount of calcium, number of calories, and rotation of specifically defined meals in the diet during the two periods were identical, and the children functioned as their own controls. We found calcium absorption to be significantly higher with the diet containing hydrolyzed milk than with the lactose-free diet supplemented with extra calcium (p < 0.05). During the study a double-blind lactose intolerance test was performed. The children had significantly fewer clinical symptoms and signs, such as abdominal pain, borborygmus, meteorism, and defecations, within 24 h after drinking 0.5 L of lactose-hydrolyzed milk as compared with drinking ordinary milk (25 g of lactose). None of the children experienced any unpleasant side effects when consuming the lactose-hydrolyzed milk (approximately 94% degree of hydrolysis) during the study period. All the children liked the hydrolyzed milk because it had a pleasant, sweet flavor as a result of the increased content of glucose.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relationship between free erythrocyte protoporphyrin and conventional indices of iron status was studied in 49 mothers and their infants. Maternal venous blood samples were collected at 34 weeks gestation and at delivery. The corresponding infant blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord and at age 6 weeks. In each case free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and serum ferritin were determined. Cord free erythrocyte protoporphyrin was negatively correlated with maternal ferritin at 34 weeks gestation (p = 0.016) and at delivery (p = 0.014), and with transferrin saturation at delivery (p = 0.026). The infants' haemoglobin concentrations at 6 weeks were significantly negatively related to maternal free erythrocyte protoporphyrin at 34 weeks (p = 0.026) and at delivery (p = 0.026). Cord free erythrocyte protoporphyrin is an index of maternal iron status in the last trimester. Maternal free erythrocyte protoporphyrin in the last trimester predicts the magnitude of physiological anaemia of the infant at age 6 weeks.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID