ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:To study the fate of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the large bowel, we compared the rate of oxidation of13C-labeled VFA administered rectally with that of the orally administered substrate. On two different days, 1-[13C]acetate was administered rectally or orally to five infants recovering from diarrhea. Breath samples were collected over 4 h and analyzed for13C enrichment of breath CO2by gas isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The percent dose recoveries of13C in breath were fitted to multicom-partmental models using the SAAM-27 program. Following model development procedures, the oral acetate breath test curves could be accounted for only by a compartmental model in which labeled acetate underwent absorption into and mixed with a systemic pool before oxidation took place. The rectal acetate breath test curves could be accounted for by a simpler model in which oxidation occurred directly in the compartment in which the rectal acetate was administered, and required no rate-limiting absorptive process. Our results indicate that the labeled acetate was oxidized more rapidly when the substrate was administered rectally than orally. This observation points to the direct utilization of volatile fatty acids within the colon.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:A new 24-h ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring system (AMBI 24) was evaluated in 72 pediatric patients with suspected gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Fortyseven of these patients were monitored at home and the other 25 in our hospital. This system was employed without complication in infants and a full range of pediatric patients, as well as in older children with severe psychomotor delay. The data obtained were consistent with those reported utilizing standard monitoring equipment, and the results served as the basis for subsequent medical management. The results of this study, therefore, suggest that this method of esophageal pH monitoring is a safe and effective means of evaluating GER while allowing for patient mobility.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Recommended materials for breath hydrogen collection (plastic syringes with twist lock closure) are only adequate for relatively brief periods because of gradual hydrogen loss and considerable variability between duplicate samples. To document the most favorable storage conditions for breath hydrogen, we compared hydrogen retention in plastic syringes using a conventional twist-in-lock closure versus a simple, inexpensive syringe closure, a Critocap. Hydrogen retention was studied at 25, 5, and – 20°C in two different syringe brands over 72 h of storage. An analysis of variance confirms the superiority of Critocaps over twist-in-lock closures (p < 0.001). Reliability was maximal when samples were placed in environments <5°C. When storage time was extended to 7 days, mean hydrogen retention was 86 ± 6% (± SD).

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary: Protracted diarrhea is a clinical entity characterized by diarrhea lasting >2 weeks, starting before 3 months of age, with severe nutritional aggravation and negative stool culture for enteropathogens. This report deals with the ultrastructural abnormalities found in the intestinal mucosa of children with protracted diarrhea. Forty children (mean age 5.1 months) were studied. They were submitted to the following tests of intestinal function: D-xylose, triglyceride tolerance, small bowel biopsy (light and electron microscope), sigmoidoscopy, and sweat test. D-Xylose absorption and triglyceride tolerance test in these patients were both significantly tower than controls. Ultrastructural analysis of the small bowel of 12 patients showed various degrees of alterations, mainly shortening of the micovilli, increased number of multivesicular bodies, and vacuolation of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. These lesions were totally reversible after clinical and nutritional recovery, as could be proven in two children. The most common cause of protracted diarrhea in these patients was secondary carbohydrate intolerance and dietary protein cow's milk and soy bean intolerance, which resulted in colitis or malabsorption as a consequence of intestinal mucosa injury due to acute gastroenteritis.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was developed to determine serum antigliadin antibodies of the IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgM classes. The antibody level of each serum specimen was expressed as an index value, i.e., optical density of test serum/optical density of cutoff, where cutoff was calculated for each immunoglobulin class as the mean + 3 SD for six healthy controls. Indices for each immunoglobulin class were determined in 69 children who were admitted for their first small intestinal mucosal biopsy due to either symptoms of malabsorption compatible with celiac disease, or short stature without other symptoms. Especially raised levels of antigliadin IgA antibodies in serum correlated strongly with villous atrophy and in infants ≤3 years of age were invariably elevated above controls, provided they were on a gluten-containing diet. Raised levels of IgG and IgE antibodies to gluten were often seen in children with normal mucosal morphology, i.e., when symptoms were due to other gastrointestinal disorders than celiac disease. It is concluded that determination of antigliadin IgA antibodies in children ≤3 years is a useful screening test before small intestinal biopsy, especially in children where the indication for biopsy is not otherwise obvious. The method can also be used to assess the results of therapy and, conceivably, compliance.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Twenty-eight patients (mean age 13.5 years) with proven Crohn's disease were examined for factor VIII coagulation activity (VIII:C), factor VIII-related antigen (VIII R:Ag), and factor VIII-related ristocetin cofactor activity (VIII R:RCF). The factor VIII coagulation proteins were correlated with disease activity index according to van Hees and were compared with inflammatory parameters such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, c-reactive protein, and orosomucoid. Among the factor VIII proteins, factor VIII-related protein (VIII R:Ag) correlates best with van Hees disease activity index, orosomucoid, c-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p < 0.001 for all parameters). Since acute phase proteins are produced by liver cells, whereas VIII R:Ag is synthesized by endothelial cells, we postulate that this coagulation factor is highly sensitive in reflecting the inflammatory process in the intestine.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:A new semielemental formula made up of whey protein hydrolysate, medium-chain triglyceride as 50% of fat, and glucose polymer was studied in 21 cystic fibrosis infants to determine whether its intestinal absorption was better than that of standard milk-based formula. Each experiment lasted 10 days, during which the patient was fed for 5 days on one formula and immediately afterwards for 5 days on the alternative formula, without any pancreatic enzyme replacement. Fat and nitrogen absorption were assessed by 3-day balance studies, stool fat was assayed by a modified Van de Kamer method, and stool nitrogen by an automatic method. Ten infants with very severely impaired digestive function (coefficient of fat absorption on normal diet ≤75%) showed a highly significant improvement in fat and nitrogen absorption, leading to a significant gain in weight when fed on semielemental diet compared with standard diet. No significant improvement was observed in fat and nitrogen absorption or in weight gain in the 11 infants with less severe malabsorption (coefficient of fat absorption on normal diet >75%). These results were obtained over a short period and have to be confirmed over a prolonged period of study with pancreatic enzyme supplementation. However, they suggest that such a semielemental diet should be effective for short-term treatment in selected CF infants who have difficulty in starting to thrive adequately.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Serum bile acid conjugates in breast-fed infants with prolonged jaundice were analyzed by a newly developed procedure using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence labeling. Major bile acids were cholate and chenodeoxycholate conjugates. Some of the breast-fed jaundiced infants had high levels of serum bile acid conjugates (>25 μmol/L), but the mean levels of individual bile acid conjugates found in jaundiced breastfed infants were not significantly different from those in breast-fed infants without jaundice. The glycine-to taurine-conjugated bile acid ratio in breast-fed jaundiced infants was significantly lower than in breast-fed nonjaundiced infants or bottle-fed nonjaundiced infants. In breast-fed infants, the portion of taurine-conjugated bile acids increased in proportion to serum bilirubin levels. These findings suggest that alteration in conjugated bile acid patterns of breast milk jaundice is related to an increased enterohepatic circulation of bile acids as well as bilirubin in infants fed on breast milk that contains high amounts of taurine.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Energy, protein, zinc intake, and weight and length were monitored at 3, 6, and 12 months in 50 preterm infants (corrected for gestational age) (mean birthweight, 1,054 ± 234 g; mean gestation, 29 ± 2.5 weeks) and 60 full-term infants (mean birthweight, 3,509 ± 269) g; mean gestation, 40 ± 1 weeks). Mean energy and protein intake (per kilogram body weight) was higher (p < 0.05) for the preterm infants at all times and met the recommended levels for preterm infants. No significant differences in zinc intake (per kilogram body weight) between the two groups existed, and at 3 months, mean zinc intake in the preterm group (per kilogram body weight) was below the recommended level for full-term infants. At no time were the growth percentiles of the preterm group equal to those of the fullterm group. Multiple regression equations predicting length at 3 months and weight at 12 months for all the infants were significant, the significant variables being length at birth and zinc intake (milligrams per day) at 3 months, and weight at birth and dietary zinc intake (milligrams per day) at 12 months, respectively. Results indicate that zinc intake played a more important role in explaining the length at 3 months and weight at 12 months than did any other variables, including intakes of protein and energy, gestational age, socioeconomic index of the father, midparent height, sex, and age of introduction of solid foods. Results thus support the suggestion that infants, especially those born prematurely, are at risk for inadequate intake of dietary zinc.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID