ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary: Following the establishment of functionally active intestinal flora in three healthy Swedish children from birth up to 24 months of age, we investigated the development of different 24-carbon bile acids. The fecal bile acids were group-separated into unconjugated, glycine-conjugated, taurine-conjugated, and sulfated, so that we could follow the changes between the different fractions of conjugates. In meconium, most (55–63%) of the bile acids were conjugated with taurine; only 11–32% were conjugated with glycine. Deconjugation was the first sign of intestinal microbial activity on the bile acids. Already at 1 month of age, most of the bile acids were deconjugated; among the conjugated bile acids, the glycine-conjugated dominated over the taurine-conjugated. An unidentified conjugate of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids (C, CDC) that separated with the sulfated bile acids was found. The unconjugated bile acids and those that arose from hydrolysis of existing conjugates were separated and identified by gas-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty-nine different bile acids were identified. In meconium, 16 different bile acids were identified. C and CDC were identified in all samples. The bile acid pattern changed during the course of the study. Many of the identified bile acids were only found in one or a few of the analyzed samples, and sometimes only in samples from one child. 6α-hydroxylated bile acids, probably not microbially synthesized, were present at high percentages in the children. Child 2 was the first, at 6 months of age, to establish microbes with 7α-dehydroxylase activity; at 24 months of age, the establishment was almost complete in all three children. At each sampling age, there was at least one sample containing bile acids with one or two hydroxyl groups that had been oxidized to oxo-, or further reduced to a hydroxyl group in the p-position. The sum of these metabolites varied between 0 and 26%, and no significant difference was found between meconium and the samples at 24 months of age.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary: Proinflammatory mediators, including leukotriene (LT) B4, are elevated in the intestinal mucosa in active chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). LTE4 is the major peptidoleukotriene metabolite and it is stable in urine. The aim of this study was to measure LTE4 levels in the urine of 27 children with Crohn's disease and 27 control subjects including 12 children with functional recurrent abdominal pain and 15 unaffected siblings of IBD patients. LTE4 levels were measured in urine using high-performance liquid chromatography separation and radioimmunoassay with specific antibody. The Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index and physician global assessment were used to categorize patient groups. C-reactive protein, orosomucoid, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were employed as laboratory markers of mucosal inflammation. Urinary LTE4 levels were elevated in the 13 children with active Crohn's disease (160.5 ± 59.4 pg/ml; mean ± SEM) compared with both levels in the 14 patients with inactive disease (67.1 ± 18.1 pg/ml;p< 0.05) and controls (45.0 ± 10.9 pg/ml; p < 0.05). We conclude that measurement of urinary LTE4 is a useful test for monitoring the activation of peptidoleukotrienes in patients with Crohn's disease. It provides a noninva-sive, objective adjunct for assessment of disease activity and could be employed in future trials examining the role of the leukotriene inhibitors in the medical therapy of IBD.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary: In a 12-month community study in Ecuadorian preschool children, we compared a packaged rice-based oral rehydration solution (R-ORS) that contained 160 g of rice flour and 12 g of sucrose per liter as well as electrolytes and α-amylase, and required cooking before consumption, to the standard glucose-electrolyte oral rehydration solution (G-ORS) for the treatment of acute non-cholera diarrhea. The reconstituted R-ORS had energy and protein contents of 620 kcal/L and 12g/L, respectively, and an osmolarity of 230 mosm/L. In all, 156 cases were treated with the R-ORS and 144 with the standard G-ORS. Cases treated with R-ORS had a significantly shorter duration of diarrhea (p < 0.0001; median; 34 h versus 48 h), a lower number of stools (p < 0.001; median; four versus seven), and a greater weight gain after 4 days of treatment (p < 0.05; mean; 1.6% versus-0.2%) than those treated with G-ORS. ORS and total liquid intakes tended to be higher with the R-ORS. The two ORS were equivalent for the correction of mild dehydration and the maintenance of normal hydration status.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary: This randomized trial compared the efficacy of a rice-based (50 g/L) oral rehydration solution with the standard glucose-based WHO/UNICEF solution in the treatment of 100 hospitalized infants, ages 3–18 months, with acute dehydrating diarrhea. The main outcomes examined were stool output and duration of diarrhea. Patients were placed on a “metabolic” bed so that intake and losses could be measured accurately throughout the study. Overall, 89% of patients were successfully rehydrated orally; the rehydration failure rate was similar in the two groups and it was significantly associated with infection by specificE. coliserotypes. Stool output in the first 24 h was 11% lower in the rice group (112 versus 126 ml/kg), but this difference was not significant. Neither stool output in the second 24 h nor total stool output were different between groups. The median duration of diarrhea was 3.8 days in the rice group and 3.9 days in the glucose group (p = NS). Other (secondary) outcomes, such as fluid intake, urine output, emesis losses, weight change, and electrolyte balance were also similar between the two groups. Some evidence of carbohydrate malabsorption was detected in 61% of the rice group versus 45% of the glucose group (p = NS) and was not associated with any particular treatment outcome. These results show that a rice-based oral rehydration solution is as efficacious as, but not better than the standard glucose-based solution in the treatment of infants with acute dehydrating diarrhea not associated with cholera.

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0277-2116    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID