摘要:

AbstractAn estimation of the yields obtained when coal and ulmic acids are oxidized at copper, lead and platinum anodes has been made. It was found that both ulmic acids and water‐soluble acids were produced in appreciable amounts when the Meltonfield vitrain was oxidized at a copper anode, the water‐soluble acids being in excess. Lynch and Collett had previously claimed that only ulmic acids were formed at the copper anode. They also found that no further degradation took place when the ulmic acids were treated at a copper anode. On the other hand degradation occurred rapidly at platinum, and lead anodes. Their evidence for this degradation was based on the fact that carbon dioxide was produced. It was confirmed in the present investigation that the copper anode was incapable of effecting a further degradation of the ulmic acids, although it proceeded rapidly at platinum and lead anodes. However, the water‐soluble products obtained at these anodes are very different from those obtained when coal is oxidized at a copper anode. They appear to consist solely of highly oxygenated material incapable of forming salts. Since water‐soluble acids are produced at a copper anode together with ulmic acids, and ulmic acids cannot be degraded further by a copper anode, it would appear that the water‐soluble acids were not produced through an intermediate stage from the ulmic acids. This mode of formation has been accepted hitherto. A theory to account for these reactions is

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670601

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe water‐soluble acids obtained by the oxidation of the Melton‐field vitrain at a copper anode, have been subjected to a detailed examination with the object of isolating recognizable products. Chromatographic methods of separation proved unsuccessful. The two fractions obtained after separation into soluble and insoluble ammonium salts were converted to the methyl esters and distilledin vacuo.Oxalic acid, mellitic acid, hemimellitic acid andiso‐phthalic acid were isolated, but only oxalic acid was obtained in appreciable amounts. The bulk of the water‐soluble acids thus remain uncharacterized. Decarboxylation, however, yielded benzo‐phenone, diphenyl and benzene which arc typical products from the decarboxylation of benzene carboxylic acids. In general, these acids appear to be similar in nature to the acids obtained by alkaline permanganate oxidation of coal, the greater portion of which has never been char

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670602

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe decomposition of nitroglycerin and ammonium nitrate follows the unimolecular equation. That of pentaerythritol tetranitrate shows slight autocatalysis and ethylenediamine dinitrate shows considerable autocatalysis. Normal Arrhenius expressions for the decomposition rate were obtained for the two nitrates, but the frequency factor for the two nitric esters is extremely large. With pentaerythritol tetranitrate a significant diminution of the frequency factor in dilute solution was ascribed to reaction chains having a short length dependent on temperature. Analyses of the gaseous products were made including the use of a flow method with pentaerythritol tetranitrate.

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670603

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTechnical fermentations, such as the acetone‐butanol fermentation and the 2: 3‐butylene glycol fermentation, yield products in the form of very dilute aqueous solutions. The volatile products may be isolated by adsorption on active carbon. In the case of 2 : 3‐butylene glycol the desorption has to be effected by solvent extraction, for which acetone is most suitable. In the case of acetone‐butanol, it is not only possible to adsorb the solvent mixture, as produced by fermentation, but also to isolate the two components separately by selective adsorption. The adsorbent bed can be re‐used, without decrease in its adsorptive

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670604

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe factors influencing the turbidimetric estimation of sulphur dioxide in the presence of sulphur dioxide have been investigated, and a procedure is recommended for using the method in the analysis of boiler plant flue gases.

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670605

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe seed oils of some members of the families Ulmaceae, Capparidaceae, Rhamnaceae, Tiliaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Salvadoraceae have been examined and their principal constants and compositions recorded. The results provide additional evidence for the close relationship between botanical similarity and seed fat constitution.

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670606

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMixtures in varying proportions of benzene and ethyl alcohol were led over catalysts of the alumina‐silica and alumina type at different temperatures. The best yields of ethylbenzene (about 25%, based on the tenzene consumed) were obtained with the former catalysts, the optimum temperature being) 350°.Ethylbenzene is an important intermediate for the production of styrene, which is widely used for conversion into synthetic rubber and resins. Recently a large number of catalytic methods for the ethylation of benzene have been published, especially in the U.S

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670607

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe wood of the wallaba tree (Eperuasp.) of British Guiana contains a high proportion of an alcohol‐soluble resin of a phenolic type. It is shown that this resin can be converted by controlled destructive distillation into a metallurgical coke of high purity and good physical properties. The volatile products of the distillation include a complex mixture of phenols which has useful fungicidal properties, and a combustible ga

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670608

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe preparation of alkyl‐ or aryl‐chlorosilanes, extensively studied during the last forty years, is carried out mostly by allowing SiCl4to act cither on Grignard reagents1or on alkyl‐zinc or mercury‐compounds.2The. Fittig‐Wurtz method for the preparation of tetra‐substituted deri‐vates was first utilized by Polis3and later by Kipping and Lloyd.4Schumb, Akermann and Saffer found it practical to preparathe sodium organic derivative separately and then to treat‐it with the silicon halide. The action of Grignard reagents on ethyl silicate has been studied particularly by Ru

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670609

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method is described for the determination of traces of basic nitrogen in hydrocarbons and the like by titration with perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid in the complete absence of water. Enough glacial acetic acid is added to the sample to keep perchlorates of bases in solution, and methyl violet is used as indicator.

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670610

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY