摘要:

AbstractThe aluminium chloride‐catalysed reaction between benzene and methyl chloride is considered as a method for producing toluene. It is shown that, under suitably chosen conditions, toluene may become the chief product, but it is impossible to prevent the formation of higher methylated compounds. The efficiency of the reaction is considered in terms of the utilization of benzene, methyl chloride and aluminium chloride. More than six methyl groups can be introduced for every molecule of aluminium chloride employed, but only in special circumstances is it possible to obtain more than one molecular proportion of toluene. Since the reaction is reversible, the effect of confining the liberated hydrogen chloride has been examined. Slightly better yields of toluene are thereby obtained. It is also demonstrated that in presence of aluminium chloride and hydrogen chloride under pressure, benzene and xylene give toluene and higher methylated product

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670301

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExperiments are described which illustrate the effects of fatiguing exercise, recovery from exercise and training on the amount of lactic acid formed and thepHreached in the muscles of rats after death. Besides depleting its glycogen reserves, heavy exercise produces a change in muscle which is interpreted as a diffusion of base into the muscle. Both of these factors oppose the post‐mortem lowering ofpHData arc also given for the sugar, lactic acid and fat contents of the blood of normal slaughterhouse animals; for the glycogen content of different muscles of typical beef animals in full rigor; and for the connective tissue content of 29 typical beef animals. ThepHreached in rigor is shown to be a function of glycogen content at death, connective tissue content, buffering power, and the ante‐mortem treatment of the ani

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe iodimetric assay method described by Alcino1is shown to be unsound, because of inherent variables which cannot readily be controlled. Arbitrary experimental conditions arc described which afford fair‐to‐good results with the method according to the grade of purity of the penicillin, but the procedure is dependent upon internal cancellation of err

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe suppression of the toxic character of catalyst poisons, by converting these into derivatives in which the normally toxic element is present in a shielded and therefore non‐toxic electronic state, constitutes a method of eliminating toxicity from impure catalytic systems which avoids the necessity for the actual removal of the poisons. In addition to a description of work in this field, an account is given of the desulphurization of coal gas by destructive hydrogenation in the presence of catalysts containing metallic thiomolybdate

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe absorption spectra given by the starch‐iodine complexes of the potato starch fractions are qualitatively very similar to those previously observed for the wheat starch fractions. The earlier C.W. Sol. Potato starch fractions are richer in amylose but poorer in amylopectin than the corresponding H.W. Sol. fractions; in contrast, the reverse distribution is obtained for wheat starch, the early C.W. Sol. fractions being much poorer in amylose, and correspondingly rich in amylopectin than the H.W. Sol. fractions. Depolymerization of both starches by grinding lowers the absorption of the starch‐iodine complex only at the longer visible waveleng

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a preliminary study of the preparation and properties of the nitro ester of pectin it was found that a reproducible ester was obtainable from any one sample of pectin. An approximate parallelism was observed between the viscosity values of aqueous solutions of pectin and of acetone solutions of the nitro ester. Some evidence was obtained to support the claim that nitration could be employed for the separation of pectin from crude plant material. Two methods for the determination of the nitrogen content of the ester were compared.

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA detailed quantitative study of the saponifiable and unsaponifiable fractions of the liver oils of the basking shark and the spiny shark has been made. The results are considered in the light of a previously postulated relationship1between the amount and composition of the unsaponifiable fractions and the nature of the fatty acids present. In addition the unsaponifiable fractions of the oils from the flesh and several organs of the basking shark have been analysed.

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe composition of a sample of Levinstein mustard gas has been investigated with the object of ascertaining the nature of the excess sulphur. The by‐products consist mainly of ft9'‐dichloro‐dicthyl trisulphide, ββ′‐dichlorodiethyl disulphide and a labile polysulphidc derived from ββ′‐dichlorodiethyl trisulphide and sulphur. The di‐ and trisulphides have been isolated in the pure state from the sample and identified with these compounds prepared synthetically. Some derivatives of these bodies have been prepared. The relation of the chemistry of the labile polysulphide to that of the Thiokol rubbers and the Thiuram polysul

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simple partition method using benzene has been found of practical value in determining the partial vapour pressure of HC1 over aqueous solutions containing also a second solute, the latter being insoluble in benzene, in regions of composition corresponding to the maximum concentration of HC1 in effluent gases permitted by factory regulations. The partition of hydrogen chloride between. water and benzene has been measured at 30° over a wide range of concentrations and over a lesser range at 40°. The data are correlated with other known partition data for this system and with published measurements of hydrogen chloride gas phase concentrations over benzene solutions at 20, 25, 30 and 40°. Over the molality range 7·2 × 10‐6to 2·73 × 10‐1in benzene, the activity coefficient of hydrogen chloride in benzene has been shown to be unity, and to be unaffected by the presence of the water also in partition equilibrium. It is shown to be a theoretical possibility that combination of HCl with H2O in the benzene might cause the ratio of molality of HCl in benzene (M′t) to activity of HCl in water (aHCl) to increase at dilutions greater than those investigated. The temperature dependence of the partition constant is represented over the temperature range 20‐40° by the equation The difference of partial molar heat content of HCl in the two solvents at infinite dilution calculated from the equation is 13, 600 calorics per g. mol. Correspondingly the heat of solution of gaseous HCl in benzene at infinite dilution is 4660 calo

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPetroleum fractions or similar hydrocarbonaceous materials are converted into liquid, highly (over 95%.) aromatic products and highly olefinic gases, when cracked in packed tubes at 630‐650°, at slightly super‐atmospheric pressure and a space velocity of 0·05‐0·5. Metallic packing, especially copper, is most efficient. The greater part of the sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen in the charging stock is converted into hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and water. The hydrocarbons are cracked to very small unsaturated molecules, from which the cyclic substances arc formed by re‐synthesis. The central position of butadiene in this sequence of reactions has been established. The influence of operational factors on the process, its thermochemistry and the composition of the product is

ISSN:0368-4075    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5000670310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY