ISSN:1060-1538    

DOI:10.1002/evan.1360020102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecombinant DNA methods have made accessible the nuclear and organelle genomes of a vast array of plant and animal species.1–3Although evolutionary biologists and anthropologists have begun to exploit the full range of these methods, a disproportionate share of this research has centered on the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). Because of its small size, conserved organization, mode of inheritance, and combination of rapidly and slowly evolving regions, mtDNA (Fig. 1) has appeared in many ways to be the ideal molecule for evolutionary studies of primates.4,5However, recent research on higher primates raises serious concerns about the utility of this molecule for evolutionary analysis in the absence of parallel data from the nuclear genome.6–8These studies suggest that we need to rethink our research strategies and define more clearly what mtDNA can be used for in the study of primate evolut

ISSN:1060-1538    

DOI:10.1002/evan.1360020103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSoils are the skin of the earth. From both poles to the equator, wherever rocks or sediment are exposed at the surface, soils are forming through the physical and chemical action of climate and living organisms. The physical attributes (color, texture, thickness) and chemical makeup of soils vary considerably, depending on the composition of the parent material and other variables: temperature, rainfall and soil moisture, vegetation, soil fauna, and the length of time that soil–forming processes have been at work. United States soil scientists1have classified modern soils into ten major groups and numerous subgroups, each reflecting the composition and architecture of the soils and, to some extent, the processes that led to their formation. The physical and chemical processes of soil formation have been active throughout geologic time; the organic processes have been active at least since the Ordovician.2Consequently, nearly all sedimentary rocks that were deposited in nonmarine settings and exposed to the elements contain a record of ancient, buried soils or paleosols. A sequence of these rocks, such as most ancient fluvial (stream) deposits, provides a record of soil paleoenvironments through time.Paleosols are also repositories of the fossils of organisms (body fossils) and the traces of those organisms burrowing, food–seeking, and dwelling activities (ichnofossils). Indeed, most fossil primates are found in paleosols. Careful study of ancient soils gives new, valuable insights into the correct temporal reconstruction of the primate fossil record and the nature of primate paleoenvironme

ISSN:1060-1538    

DOI:10.1002/evan.1360020104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn attempting to understand the course of human evolution and the nature of hominid adaptation over the past few million years, it is necessary to consider prevailing evidence from all parts of the world. Eastern Asia provides a range of important questions and challenges with regard to this evolutionary puzzle. Although evidence for earlier ape evolution is present in China (for example, at Lufeng in Yunnan Province), the earliest evidence for hominid presence appears to be in the Early Pleistocene, apparently the result of a migration of hominids to and subsequent adaptation within Eastern Asia. The archeological record provides a closer look at some technological aspects of this adaptation during the Early and Middle Pleistocene, showing both distinctive contrasts and intriguing continuities relative to the rest of the Old World.

ISSN:1060-1538    

DOI:10.1002/evan.1360020105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1060-1538    

DOI:10.1002/evan.1360020106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1060-1538    

DOI:10.1002/evan.1360020101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY