摘要:

ABSTRACTClams (Mercenaria mercenaria) from the controlled environment system of the Delaware Mariculture Project and from the natural system of the Indian River Bay were selected for comparison of palatability and proximate composition. Sensory evaluations for appearance, texture, flavor and over‐all acceptance were performed on steamed samples from both environmental treatments by eight trained taste panelists. No significant differences for these characteristics were found although there was a slight preference for the flavor of clams produced in the natural system. Analyses for protein, moisture, fat, and ash were made on the raw clams from both environmental treatments, and again there were no significant differences identified. From these data, it was concluded that the clams produced in the controlled environment process equalled the quality of those produced in natural system

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTMoina macrocopa(Crustacea: Cladocera) is a seasonal inhabitant of a kraft pulp waste treatment lagoon operated by the Weyerhaeuser Corporation in Washington. Both laboratory and field studies were initiated to determineM. macrocopaimpact on pollution abatement, its seasonal abundance, and its potential as an aquaculture feed.M. macrocopawere found to significantly reduce total suspended solids in laboratory pulp effluent studies. In the field,Moinawere associated with lower levels of biochemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids.Mass harvest methods were evaluated as to expense, labor involvement, equipment costs, and capture efficiency. During optimum conditions, more than 50 kg ofM. macrocopawere harvested per hour.Nutritional analyses indicated thatM. macrocopain a frozen state could be utilized as a fish feed. A survey of local tropical fish stores revealed a strong market potential. Wholesale prices for frozenMoinawere estimated at $.50 to $2/kg. Retail prices were estimated at $2.50 to $7.50/kg.Although these data are preliminary, it appearsM. macrocopahas future potential in aquaculture as both an aid in pollution abatement and as a marketable fish food.

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSince May 1972, the St. Croix Artificial Upwelling Project has utilized a constant flow of nutrient‐rich water, pumped from 870 m depth in the sea into ponds (100 m2, one m deep) on the north shore of St. Crolx, to produce phytoplankton. This phytoplankton suspension was pumped continuously to filter‐feeding shellfish.Initial technical feasibility experiments have demonstrated thatMercenaria campechiensis, a hybrid ofM. mercenariaxM. campechiensis, Tapes japonica, Ostrea edulis, Crassostrea gigas, C. gigasKumamoto variety,Argopecten irradiansandPinctada martensiigrew rapidly in this system. Crassostrea virginica andM. mercenariadid not grow well.From October 1976 until October 1978, the St. Croix Artificial Upwelling Mariculture system was operated in pilot‐plant fashion to determine yields and provide a basis for cost estimates of the system.Tapes japonicaused in the pilot plant were produced in the hatchery of the Artificial Upwelling system in St. Croix. The phytoplankton protein production achieved in the pilot plant, including the down‐time of the nutrient‐limited pools for cleaning and reinoculation, was equivalent to 8.1 tons/ha/year from July 1977 until July 1978. During a 12‐month period of pilot plant operation (October 1977‐October 1978), 423 kg ofTapes japonicawere produced, corresponding to 22% conversion efficiency of phytoplankton protein to shellfish meat protein and 42.3 tons of shellfish produced/year/ha of phytoplankton pond. An economic evaluation of the pilot plant result

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00013.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effects of long‐term exposure to a fluctuating temperature regime typical of that produced by coastal electric generating stations were investigated for juvenileHomarus americanusheld in individual rearing containers. Juveniles reared in a 15–22°C daily temperature fluctuation for 126 days had significantly slower growth than those reared at a constant 22°C. They also had significantly higher mortality and less resistance to a high stress temperature (31°C) than those reared at the constant temperature. Exposure to fluctuating temperatures for 1–2 weeks had no evident effect on growth and survival, suggesting that such short‐term exposures would not be harmful in commercial culture. Related experiments were conducted to assess effects of thermal effluent water chemistry and 4 constant temperatures on growth and survival of larvae and juveniles (Stages I‐XI). There were no significant differences in growth and survival among lobsters held in either thermal effluent or intake water at a given temperature (16, 20, 24, or 26°C), indicating that effluent water chemistry had no apparent effects. There were significant differences in growth of both larvae and juveniles held at the 4 constant temperatures. Survival of juvenile lobsters was not affected significantly by temperature, while that of larvae was. Juvenile lobsters molted more frequently at successively higher temperatures. However, these individuals were not larger than those produced by slower molting at 20°C. This was attributed to absence of a corresponding increase in feeding rate and the relatively high oxygen consumption rates observed

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFuture tropical commercial marine cage culturing systems, for use in exposed coastal sites, are evaluated through a case study approach. Preliminary design options, based on an optimistic extrapolation of present knowledge and capabilities, are developed for projected Hawaiian systems. The effects of different scales of operation on the choices of technical approaches, support activities, and system economics are considered. The resulting designs are also evaluated with respect to economic and bioengineering risks. The problems that must be resolved are indicated in the context of their scientific, technical and economic impacts on such culture systems. It is clear that tropical sea cage culturing of high value food fish has considerable economic potential, even at modest scales of operation.

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSubsistence‐level and small‐scale aquaculture systems dominate the aquaculture industry of most developing countires. Characterized by low material and management inputs, low level of technology, and low output, subsistence‐level aquaculture is a system of farming that gives an inadequate economic return to the operator.It is argued that subsistence‐level and small‐scale aquaculturists must be given adequate government attention and institutional support: first, because these farming systems can be greatly improved; second, because they provide employment opportunities for the rural poor; and third, because aquaculture is a potential significant source of protein food for the poorer majority.The status of aquaculture in several developing countries is reviewed. Small‐scale fishfarming characterized by traditional practices predominates in India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Nepal, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The pattern is similar in some African countries like Nigeria, Kenya, and the Sudan.A socioeconomic profile of the small fishfarmer is drawn. Aside from his low level of application of production and management inputs and his low output, he is highly susceptible to the vagaries of the market. His capacity to acquire improved technology on his own is low. To augment his earnings, he works in non‐aquaculture occupations.The paper calls for a policy as well as a research and development bias for the subsistence fishfarmer. An aquaculture industry development support model is presented and a pilot‐scale implementation scheme of this model is described.Finally, a mechanism is described for the transfer of local and borrowed aquaculture technology within a given country and

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTArtificial shelters were deployed in the shallow waters of Massachusetts Bay in an attempt to stabilize and increase lobster catches. Shelters constructed with concrete‐filled tires proved to be well suited for small‐scale ranching operations. Only two people were needed to make and deploy the shelters, and the capital costs were low. The animals quickly occupied shelters on sandy bottoms but not on rocky ones, and when fish wastes were provided as food in the former habitats, an increase was noted in trap captures. However, stable populations could not be maintained in the experimental areas for the lobsters were found to be continually moving. In October and November a general offshore trend was noted and tagged lobsters moved from a depth of 10 m to approximately 2

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTOf the various algae grown in the St. Croix Mariculture System, the diatomChaetoceros curvisetus(clone STX‐167) proved to be an excellent diet for culturingArtemianauplii and adults.The minimum cell concentration at whichArtemiacan efficiently remove cells has been determined and appears to be constant throughout the brine shrimp' life cycle.The cell stripping efficiency, growth rate, and survival of the different larval instar stages have been studied in function of increased stocking densities and flow rates.The results obtained in 230‐liter raceway tanks, subsequent to the initial 190‐liter tank studies, and extrapolated to a one m3system indicate that 15 g of cysts (4/ml animal stocking density) can be converted into 8.7 kg of fresh weight adultArtemiain 14

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTGreen sea turtle eggs obtained from both a captive breeding colony and natural beaches are artificially incubated at a commercial sea turtle farm in the Cayman Islands, British West Indies. Eggs are commonly incubated in styrofoam boxes packed with sand and eggs. Experiments involving variations of packing procedures, egg handling, temperature control and hatchery conditions have been done to verify the optimum incubation methods and conditions. Results clarify the need for maintaining appropriate temperature and adequate oxygen levels to assure the maximum yield from eggs incubated.

ISSN:0748-3260    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1979.tb00020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY