摘要:

AbstractThe pattern of pads, the morphology and microscopical anatomy of the papillae, the structure of dermis, and the attachment of the skin to the skeletal elements were studied in species representing Passeriformes, Psittaciformes, and Strigiformes. Functional observations were made while dissecting fresh material. The secondary insertion of the flexor muscles on the skin structures is discussed. The papillae in the pad of the passerine species is connected to a plate mainly composed of the horny cells of stratum corneum; only the top of the papillae are free to penetrate roughnesses in the bark of branches or twigs. The parrot has papillae free from one another and often supplied with Herbst corpuscles, indicating touch function. The owl has also free papillae, but these are supported by densely packed collagenous fibres in the dermis, forming a plate functionally comparable to the horny plate of the passerine. The pads and folds in the passerine are attached to the skeletal elements, both directly by collagenous fibre bundles and indirectly by the large scales on the dorsal side of the digit, which are firmly anchored to the phalanges. The pads in the parrot and the owl are directly attached by collagenous fibres to the skeletal elements. The structure of the pad and the papillae correlate with the habits: in the passerine, to jump and fly between branches; in the parrot, to move sluggishly on branches and manipulate food with the feet; and in the owl, to perch on branches and grasp prey.

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1975.tb00723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method of phylogenetic classification, based on Hennig's theory of cladism and Sokal and Sneath's theory of numerical taxonomy, is outlined. The necessity of using non‐morphological characters in superphyletic classification is argued. It is suggested that the vertebrates arose from members of the annelid superphylum, an alternative implied by the Arachnid theory advocated by Gaskell and Patten. A testing of this theory by reference to non‐morphological characters corroborates the affiliation between Vertebrata and the annelid superphyium, but the available data do not warrant a definite answer as concerns the the

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1975.tb00724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAcrorhynchides styliferussp.n. from Norway and the British Isles andPolycystis contortasp.n. andTyphlopolycystis coomansisp.n. from Norway and the Mediterranean are described. Additional notes are given on the anatomy and distribution ofParacrorhynchus bergensisKarling,Polycystis groenlandica(Levinsen),P. crocea(Fabricius) andTyphlopolycystis mediterraneaBrunet. The taxonomy of the species and the corresponding genera is discussed.

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1975.tb00725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe JapaneseSargassumrecently established at Portsmouth, U.K., is described and figured. It commonly bears two spirorbids which are new to Europe. One,Janua(Dexiospira)brasiliensis(Grube) =Dexiospira oshoroensisUchida, is widespread in warm latitudes, whilst the other,Pileolaria rosepigmentata(Uchida), was previously known only from Japan. The former is distinguished fromJ. (D.) pseudocorrugata(=Spirorbis corrugalus) principally by its more opaque brood chamber and shorter, wider juvenile talon. The latter is one of thePileolaria moerchicomplex and can be recognised by its bilobed brood chamber, conical juvenile talon and single diffuse patch of pigment.

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1975.tb00726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aesthetasc “Y” of cypridid ostracodes is divided into three parts: distal, intermediate, and proximal. Distally, it is equipped with five pores containing electron‐dense plugs. The distal part shows a peculiar striated pattern formed by two types of cuticle. The intermediate and proximal parts are smooth with no pores or other substructures. 14 cilia run in the large receptor‐cavity of the distal part. They originate from 14 bipolar sensory cell bodies within the antenna. From the intermediate part, the cilia are grouped in five cuticular sheaths, surrounded by five sheath cells arranged mesaxonally. At the level of the ciliary junctions, the sheath cells form cavities in which the cilia join the dendrites. Before molting, a new aesthetasc is formed in the antenna by hypodermal cells. The cuticle is secreted in a fold around the sheath cells, which in a way act as moulds. The cilia of the old aesthetasc run through the five pores of the new aesthetasc. The main function of the pores is apparently to enable the animal to obtain information from the surroundings also during the molting period. On morphological grounds, the aesthetasc “Y” is believed to be a ch

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1975.tb00727.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSaldula lindbergisp.n. is described from Cyprus, with additional material from Anatolia (Turkey), and is assigned to theSaltatoria‐groupwithS. melanoscela(Fieber) as the closest relative.S. burmanicasp.n. is described from Kambaiti, N. E. Burma, and is close toS. orthochila(Fieber)(Orthochila‐gmup).TheOrthochila‐groupis discussed on the basis ofS. orthochila, S. burmanica, S. nobilis(Horváth), andS. boucheriillei(Provancher) (nonSahla boucheriilleiauct.). and details of male genital structures, pterygo‐polymorphism, and habitat and zonal‐geographic distribution are given. The inclusion of theOrthochila‐groupin the subgenusMacrosaldula, as proposed by Dethier in 1974. is rejected. The group is taking a somewhat divergent position in the genus and in some respects (e.g. secondary absence of the larval organ) it is approachingSaldaFabr. s.l. (Saldini). The radiative trends towards more terrestrial, dry‐land habitats seen in theOrthochila‐groupare compared with similar trends in other taxa of the family. The serial affinities between most of the terrestrial habitats occupied by the Saldidae and riparian zones are emphasized. It is concluded that shifts towards more terrestrial habitats and habits are confined to some more advanced and derived–specialized lineages of the family, being an ecological feature mainly associated with a few boreal and mountainous taxa, which primarily inhabit drier, epilittoral

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1975.tb00728.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Turbellaria Acoela in the collection of slides in the Swedish Museum of Natural History have been subject to reexamination considering new taxonomic principles. In a list of 101 species contributions are given to the anatomy, taxonomy, distribution and habitats of the species. The list is at the same time a catalogue of the types in the collection. The main part of the species have been described in several papers by Einar Westblad and Ernst Marcus.

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1975.tb00729.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe epidermis ofGyratrix hermaphrodituscan be described as semi‐syn‐cytial. Its ultrastructure is characterized by microvilli and cilia with two strong rootlets perpendicular to each other. The apical part of the epithelium contains mitochondria and vacuoles. The basal synthesizing layer is provided with cell boundaries, at least between the type II penetrating receptors in the anterior and posterior end of the worm. Four different types of sensory receptors are described. The type I receptor has a protruding cilium‐bearing process and is found all over the body. The type II receptor is found in the anterior and posterior end and has a retracted process with a kinocilium surrounded by eight stereocilia. The type III receptor bears a balloon‐shaped modified cilium and is located at the anterior end. The type IV receptor has a short cilium with an unstable ciliary membrane and occurs in the proboscis epithelium as well as in the pharynx epithelium. Phylogenetical aspects of the semi‐syncytial epithelium and functional aspects of the sensory receptors are

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1975.tb00730.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe mouthparts of five North Atlantic species of the genusOrchomenehave been studied in detail. The species are:O. serrata(Boeck, 1861),O. amblyopsG. O. Sars, 1890,O. crispata(Goes, 1866).O. humilis(A. Costa, 1853) andO. pectinate.G. O. Sars, 1882. The structure of the mandibular molar has been studied with the aid of the scanning electron microscope. Some features of the mouthparts, common to the species examined, are interpreted as generic criteria which should justify retaining the genusOrchomeneBoeck, 1870, separated from the closely related generaOrchomeneUaG. O. Sars, 1890, andOrchomenopsisG. O. Sars. 1891.

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1975.tb00731.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPardosa albomaculataEmerton is found to be a distinct species (previously treated as synonym toP. groenlandica(Thorell)); comments are given on synonyms, variation and distribution.P. lowrieisp.n. is described on material from Washington state, USA, and British Columbia, Canada;P. buckleisp.n. on material from Saskatchewan, Canada.P. albomaculataandP. lowrieiare closely related, differing in certain features of the male palps, notably the shape of the conductor, the terminal apophysis, and the embolus, as well as details of the epigynes. These two species andP. buckleibelong to the provisionally namedglacialis/groenlandicacomplex, including several Nearctic and Palae‐arctic species still not investigated in detail taxonomically. Comments are given on some taxonomic characters in the copulatory organs. In this respect emphasis is given to the importance of the shape of the mentioned palpal parts, which have hitherto been very little studied inPardosaspecies. Viewpoints on some species group characters are also give

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1975.tb00732.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY