摘要:

Within their limits of resolution, different methods to reveal biochemical evolution appear to give reliable results where they can be controlled, as in the case of the Vertebrata. Compounds such as cytochrome c, SS rRNA and globins yield closely comparable results, which further strengthens the reliability. When the methods are applied to biochemical data from as many metazoan phyla as possible, the result is a phylogenetic tree which contrasts in certain respects with phylogenetic trees based on comparative zoology data. Important conclusions seem to include the following: (1) many metazoan phyla appear to have branched off from a shared, very conservative spiralian/protostome ancestral stock through the adoption of basically new feeding and locomotory strategies; (2) this origination makes it almost impossible to use a comparative zoology approach to solve problems of interphylum (in contrast to intraphylum) affinities, as similarities tend to be due only to shared derived Characters and similar life strategies, while dissimilarities are due to different basic life strategies; (3) protostome characters constitute a synapomorphy for triploblastic metazoans, and where absent they are secondarily lost, which means that protostome and deuterostome characters are irregularly distributed and mixed; (4) true deuterostomes form a sister group of the Mollusca, and they are only a top branch of the evolutionary tree.

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1986.tb00222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

From the N. American Pacific coast the following taxa are described:Coronopharynx pusillusLuther,Pogaina bicornksp.n.,P. paranygulgussp.n. (Provorticidae);Brinkmanniella palmatasp.n.,Tvaerminnea karlingi pucificasubsp.n. (Promesostomidae);Trigonostomum setigerumO. Schmidt,Messoplana pacificasp.n.,Ceratopera axi(Riedl),C. ehlersisp.n.,C. piliferasp.n. (Trigonostomidae);Polycystis aliSchockaert,P. hamatasp.n. (Polycystididae). From other areas:Brinkmanniella palmatafrom the Skagerrak, Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea;Ceratopera axifrom the Falkland Islands;Polycystis alifrom Galapagos Islands;Ceratopera bermudensissp.n. from Bermuda.Polycystis aliis considered to be a polytypic species with the forms ‘Somali’, ‘California’ and ‘Galapagos’.Brinkmanniella augustiMarcus andB. falklandicaWestblad are considered to be speciesincertae sedis.Problems in penetrating the world‐wide marine turbellarian fauna

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1986.tb00223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Clam shrimps of the family 1.ynccidac differ markedly from all other families of the Conchostraca. The biology and morphology of the genusLynceusare poorly known. In North America the genus is represented by four species:L. brachyurus, L. mucronatus, L. brevifronsandL. grarcilicornis.The last species, previously known from two localities in Texas, is reported from an ephemeral pond in north Florida. Amoung the characters distinguishingL. gracilicornisfrom North American congeners arc dimorphic male claspers and a broad, straight rostral margin. Females are distinct in having a smoothly rounded, distal rostra1 margin. External and internal morphology are described using light and scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the presence of frontal setose sensory fields and a small rostral pit in both sexe5. Numerous setal types are described from the claspers and posterior thoracopods. Internal structures include a large anterior hepatopancreas, C‐shaped gut and large paired gonads ventro‐lateral to the

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1986.tb00224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eurycletodes (O.) quadrispinosaSp.n. and the male ofEurycletodes (O.) monardiare described.E. quadrispinosadiffers from the closely related speciesE. echinatusLang,E. parasimilisPor andE. arcticusLang in the setation of segment 1 and 2 Exp P2–P4, of segment 2 Exp p24 and of the Exp P5. Because of the same setation of the A2, Pl‐P4 Exp and Exp as the female ofE. monardiSmirnov the described male is regarded as that ofE. monardiSmirnov. The species were collected at the Iceland Faroe Ridge from depths of 500. 1540 and 250

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1986.tb00225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The genusPseudonipharguscomprises a number of stygobiont Amphipoda, distributed on both sides of the Atlantic. In Bermuda, groundwaters are inhabited by two species.P. grandimanusandP. carpalis, both new. They occur throughout the entire salinity spectrum, from infrahalne to euhaline, but are most abundant in oligohaline waters. Large adults, but no ovigerous specimens. arc found at greater distance from the sea coast than juveniles, which may indicate thatPseudoniphargusneeds anchihaline/marine waters for its reproduction and that juveniles migrate inland to grow up.

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1986.tb00226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two new species of shrimp belonging to the campylonotid genusBathypalaemonellaBalss from the Australian Northwest Shelf.R. brevirostrissp.n. andB. pilosipessp.n., are described and illustrated. constituting the first records of this genus from Australian waters. Present knowledge of the genus is reviewed and the distribution of the known species listed. The two new species can be readily distinguished from the previously described species ofBanthypalaemonellaby the very characteristic morphologies of the dactyls of their ambulatory pereiopods.

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1986.tb00227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Furcadeshagen. n. (type‐species:Furcadesha huddlestonisp.n),Indadeshagen. n. (type‐species:Indadesha achterbergisp.n), both from India, andAfricadeshagen.n. (type‐species:Africadesha usherwoodisp.n). from Cameroun, are described and illustrated. A key is provided to separate these new genera from one another and from the other genera of the Adeshini,AdeshaCameron andAdeshoidesvan Achterberg.Adesha acutasp.n. from Malaya is described and separated fromAdesha albolineataCameron, the only other species ofAdesha.The relationships of the Adeshini and of the genera of the Adeshini are briefly disc

ISSN:0300-3256    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1986.tb00228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY