ISSN:1070-6631    

DOI:10.1063/1.869579

出版商:AIP    

年代:1998

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

We consider the case of a test sphere (ball) of radiusa1rotating at constant angular velocity&ohgr;in an otherwise quiescent unbounded suspension of uniformly sized spheres of radiia2dispersed in a Newtonian fluid of viscosity&mgr;.To the first order in the volume fractioncof suspended spheres it is shown that when the ball is small compared with the suspended spheres the suspension does not behave as regards the hydrodynamic torqueLexerted on the ball like a homogeneous Newtonian fluid characterized by the usual Einstein viscosity coefficient&mgr;s=&mgr;(1+5/2c).Explicitly, the torque on the rotating sphere does not obey Kirchoff’s law,L=8&pgr;&mgr;sa13&ohgr;for no slip. Rather, a modified form of Kirchoff’s law is obtained in which the Einstein coefficient of5/2is multiplied by a coefficient which is less than unity in magnitude and is functionally dependent only upon the suspended-sphere/test-sphere size ratio,&lgr;=a2/a1.In the “continuum limit,” where&lgr;tends to zero, one recovers Kirchoff’s law. Accordingly, the deviation from Kirchoff’s law is interpreted in terms of an apparent Knudsen-like “slip” at the rotating ball surface since this slip vanishes in the continuum limit. The existence of an apparent slip is consistent with recent experiments performed on small rotating spheres, albeit in concentrated suspensions, in which the “viscosity” of the suspension—defined via Kirchoff’s law in terms of the experimentally measured torqueLasL/8&pgr;a13&ohgr;—was observed to be less than the viscosity of the suspension as measured by standard viscometric methods. Similar, although quantitatively differentO(c)theoretical Knudsen-like slip results were also obtained for the “inverse” case, where the torqueLon the rotating ball is held constant for all time and its mean angular velocity calculated. ©1998 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:1070-6631    

DOI:10.1063/1.869578

出版商:AIP    

年代:1998

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A fully explicit asymptotic solution of the (simplified) equation for the probability density function (pdf) of a passive scalar in grid turbulence with a uniform mean cross-stream scalar gradient is obtained (the equation considered is exact for homogeneous turbulence). The asymptotic pdf is a function of the conditional expectations of the scalar dissipation and the transverse velocity. The solution generalizes the well-known asymptotic solution of Sinai and Yakhot [Phys. Rev. Lett.63, 1962 (1989)] for homogeneous turbulence in the absence of a mean scalar gradient. An exact expression that relates the conditional expectations of molecular diffusion and transverse velocity is derived. This expression generalizes the result of Valin˜o &etal; [Phys. Rev. Lett.72, 3518 (1994)] for the zero mean gradient case. ©1998 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:1070-6631    

DOI:10.1063/1.869580

出版商:AIP    

年代:1998

数据来源: AIP