摘要:

A substantial amount of research in the performance appraisal literature has focused on rater training as a means of improving performance ratings. Unfortunately the value of this research is somewhat equivocated by a lack of organization and integration. The present study provides an integration and a quantitative review of the rater training literature. A general framework for the evaluation of rater training is presented in terms of four rating training strategies (rater error training, performance dimension training, frame‐of‐reference training, and behavioural observation training) and four dependent measures (halo, leniency, rating accuracy and observational accuracy). Finally, a meta‐analytic review is presented to assess the effectiveness of the rater training strategies across the four dependent mea

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1994.tb00562.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study of nurses' job satisfaction, experienced job significance, psychological and psychosomatic health complaints and sickness absenteeism is reported. Hackman&Oldham's Job Characteristics Model was an important starting‐point for the study. The relationships of characteristics of nursing jobs, leadership style and type of nursing care system to such reactions of nurses to their work are analysed and the possible moderating role of preference for autonomy is investigated. Subjects are 561 trained staff nurses from 36 nursing units in 16 Dutch hospitals. Variables are assessed by means of questionnaires. Stepwise regression analysis reveals that variances in the four dependent variables to a certain extent can be explained by the nine predictors. Some job characteristics (e.g. feedback and clarity and autonomy), as well as social‐emotional leadership positively affect nurses' reactions. Other dependent variables (e.g. work pressure and instrumental leadership) appear to have negative effects. Using subgroup regression analysis, evidence for a moderating role of need for autonomy is found to be rather sca

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1994.tb00563.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Goal‐setting and feedback techniques, previously used in a study to improve safety in the UK construction industry, were applied to a three‐shift production plant, employing approximately 540 people. Critical safety behaviours were identified using accident records and ‘in‐depth' interviews. Checklists of critical behaviours were developed for each of 14 departments in the factory. Forty‐eight observers were trained to observe their colleagues' safety performance and complete the checklists. ‘Baseline’ measures were taken over a four‐ to six‐week period. Participative goal setting was used to set safety improvement ‘goals’ for the critical behaviours, within each department. Performance feedback was presented graphically in each department on a weekly basis. The results indicate significant improvements in safety performance, with a corresponding reduction in the plant's accident rate. Paradoxically, a statistical inverse relationship was not obtained between safety performance and accident rates, although the importance of non‐safety variables in accident cau

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1994.tb00564.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In most developed Western nations the majority of employees are now office based. Despite this there is little place given to the physical environment of the office in organizational theory. Most research in the area is concerned with individual aspects of the environment such as lighting. There are few studies which have attempted to uncover the basic underlying dimensions or facets of workers' experience and evaluation of their offices. The limitations of those studies are discussed, and the criticisms of them addressed in the design of the present work. Using the approach of facet theory, four facets of worker experience are proposed: level, organizational unit, referent and focus. An office evaluation questionnaire was developed using the proposed facets. A survey of 215 employees in four organizations was carried out. The data were analysed using the MDS technique of smallest space analysis. The results support the proposed facets. They also show that central to people's evaluations are the affective rather than the instrumental functions of the office environment.

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1994.tb00565.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The categorical nature of many research variables used in personnel and organizational behaviour presents a serious methodological problem for traditional regression‐based data analysis. Because categorical data inherently contain less information than continuous data and require non‐traditional statistical techniques, the empirical research has been hindered. This is particularly true of longitudinal studies containing categorical variables which are so often called for in the social science literature, but seldom done. Loglinear modelling is a multivatiate statistical technique that is designed specifically for analysing categorical data. This manuscript presents a longitudinal application of loglinear modelling to a behavioural research quest

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1994.tb00566.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Honesty in the Workplace.ByKevin R. Murphy.Women and Men in Management.ByGary N. Powell

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1994.tb00567.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY