摘要:

Much research has examined the effects of the employment of women on family life, but substantially less attention has been paid to the impact of family life on work behaviour. This research was undertaken to test four competing hypotheses about the effects of family life on a woman's job performance and work attitudes. A sample of 94 non‐professional women participated in the study. They completed several work and family‐oriented questionnaires. Their managers provided job performance ratings. Of the four hypotheses tested (diffusion of energy; spillover effect; compensatory effect; and motherhood demands), the pattern of results best supported the motherhood demands hypothesis. Results showed that women with children were significantly lower in occupational commitment relative to women without children. Contrary to expectation, women with younger children outperformed women with older child

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1994.tb00568.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A Personal Construct Psychology framework and repertory grids were used in a longitudinal study designed to analyse the qualitative and evaluative nature of change in graduates' self construction during the six months following organizational entry. In line with the hypotheses guiding the research, the results suggest that graduates undertook some important qualitative change in self‐construction, but that these trends of change reflected individual developmental paths rather than a common socialization effect; change took place through both the development of new core role constructs, and change in self‐ratings on stable constructs (slot change). The study provides some modest support for the hypothesis concerning the positive relationship between self‐esteem and role meaningfulness (challenge, responsibility, autonomy, workload and the extent to which work is worthwhile and interesting). However, the initial level of self‐esteem does not appear to moderate the effect of low role meaningfulness on subsequent level of self‐esteem, a finding which fails to support our h

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1994.tb00569.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study employed social exchange and equity theory to investigate the connection among supervisor trust building activity, leader‐member exchange (LMX) quality, and subordinate organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB). Survey data were collected from 86 subordinate‐supervisor dyads employed in a variety of organizations. First, perceived fairness emerged as the supervisor trust building behaviour most closely associated with OCB. Contrary to the prediction, fairness perceptions were not positively associated with LMX quality. Finally, LMX quality was positively related to subordinate OCB. Social exchange and equity theory were used to interpret the findings. Implications and future research directions are outli

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1994.tb00570.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Burnout is an experience relevant not only to psychosocial professions, but also to technical work. It is predicted that in a technical profession work stressors are related to burnout and that this relationship is moderated by control at work, task requirements, and the quality of team interaction. In a sample of 180 software professionals from 29 software development projects, stressors were found to be positively related to burnout measures. Control at work, complexity at work, and openness to criticism within the team were all found to be significantly negatively related to lack of identification. Moderated regression analyses revealed that high cognitive requirements, high learning requirements, and low competition within the team enhanced the relationship between stressors and burnout.

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1994.tb00571.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Numerous instruments have been developed to assess coping strategies used by individuals during stressful transactions. We discuss some of the problems and limitations inherent in existing coping measures, along with issues surrounding their development. An alternative approach to examining stress coping is proposed, based upon critical incident analysis of stressors experienced by individuals, the behaviours they exhibit and the outcomes of those behaviours. While some studies have used aspects of this technique, the present proposal offers a framework for assessing the interrelationships between stressors, behaviours and consequences.

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1994.tb00572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The construct of opportunity for skill use (Warr, 1987) is examined, and two aspects of it are operationalized: the level of skill requirement of the job, and congruence between one's own skills and the skill requirements of the job. Associations with three measures of psychological well‐being of (1) the two aspects of opportunity for skill use; (2) rate of job and employer change since graduation; and (3) experience of unemployment since graduation, are investigated. Longitudinal data were collected from 168 university graduates during their undergraduate studies and again 5–6 years after graduation. All were in full‐time employment on the latter occasion. Contrary to prediction, skill requirements of the job predicted only one of the three aspects of well‐being, and the interaction between skill requirements and self‐rated skills (an operationalization of congruence) predicted none. Length of time in involuntary unemployment and frequency of job changing since graduation were associated with well‐being 5–6 years after graduation, though only when undergraduate well‐being was not statistically controlled. The measurement and utility of the construct of opportunity for skill use in relatively privileged sampl

ISSN:0963-1798    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1994.tb00573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY