ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Members of two Japanese families residing in the same small village were shown to carry the(D‐ ‐) gene when antibodies in the sera of the two probands presented a crossmatching problem. A study of their sera revealed a complex array of Rh antibodies, including perhaps anti‐Hr8.The(D‐ ‐) complex is considered to have arisen by mutation of several sub‐elements (mutons) according to the cistron theory of g

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A comparison of clinically significantin vitrocharacteristics of ACD and CPD blood is presented.In clinical trials conducted at three hospitals, 586 units of blood collected in CPD in plastic bags were utilized for 622 individual treatments as single units or subdivided aliquots of whole blood, and as packed red cells in 332 patients. The expiration period was 28 days, and five bloods were discarded as outdated. There was one reported pyrexial reaction and one proven bacterial contamination.Forty‐two per cent of the bloods or components were issued during the first week, 43 per cent during the second and third weeks, and 15 per cent during the fourth week of storage.Of the total bloods or components issued, 9 per cent of the whole bloods, 25 per cent of the subdivided blood aliquots, and 23 per cent of the packed red cells were transfused during the fourth week of storage.No difficulty with clotting was observed during collection, storage, or transfusio

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The thymol turbidity test was done by the Shank‐Hoagland (pH 7.55) method and flocculation tests were done on all lipemic serum over 5.0 T.T. units. The mean for the readings on clear (nonlipemic) sera (87%) was 3.8 units, and the standard deviation 2.1. The screening level of abnormality at the 95% confidence level was 8.0 T.T. units in clear sera (or 8.0 T.T. units with positive flocculation in lipema sera), and 10.1 T.T. units (also with T.F. in lipemic sera) at the 99% confidence level. There were 5.4% and 1.7% “abnormal” bloods, respectively. The values for all sera, including lipemic, were: mean 4.4, S.D. 2.7, or 9.9 T.T. units at the 95% confidence level and 12.5 at 99%. A parallel study of the use of inactivated sera for the T.T. test is discussed. It lowered the T.T. values an average of 3.7 units but producd a more abnormal distribution of test results. Since the donors were healthy adults representing a good cross section of the adult population and the levels of abnormality (95 and 99% confidence) found for the test were considerably higher than that reported by most authors, the validity of the use of lower levels to screen blood donors is questioned. The use of large numbers of acceptable blood donors may be a better way to establish normal and abnormal values for clinical laboratory tests. The incidence of hepatitis in transfused patients, followed for six months, is reported in Pa

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Six‐month follow up study showed a hepatitis case rate of 1.55% in 905 patients receiving “abnormal” blood and 0.88% in 1,480 receiving nothing but “normal” blood, based on screening at the 95% confidence level of 8.0 T.T. units in clear sera and in lipemic sera of 8.0 units or more with a positive flocculation test (from studies of 52,662 consecutive donors reported in Part I). Significantly, screening at the 99% level gave less specific results: a 1.06% rate in controls and 1.42% in the test cases. The observed differences in ratesare notstatistically significant: twice the standard error of the difference in percentages is 0.9%, the Chi Square test showed P = 0.15 (at 95%) and 0.70 (at 99%). The donor (unit) case rates were essentially identical (0.346) in the test series and in the controls at both screening levels and the difference in hepatitis case rates was exactly proportional to the difference in the average donor exposure of the two groups at each screening level. The two groups of cases received 14% of the total blood units available and this was representative of the total available as judged by the mean T.T. values of blood received by the study cases. There was a steady increase in the hepatitis case rate from 0.6% in single unit transfusions (29% of cases) to 2.6% when four units were used, with a rate of 1.1% in those receiving five units or more (19%), suggesting the risk of hepatitis is maximal in transfusions of four or more units. Cogent reasons are presented for abandoning attempts to use nonspecific liver function tests for donor screening to eliminate significant numbers of donor

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The A‐B‐O group system of man is used as a model to explain the principles of blood group serology and nomenclature. A correct nomenclature must take into account three kinds of entities, genes, the gene products (agglutinogens or phenogroups), and the serological specificities (or blood factors). The tendency in the past to equate agglutinogen with blood factor has been a pitfall, which has given rise to fallacies and errors in studies on the human A‐B‐O groups and especially the Rh‐Hr types. The requirements for a suitable terminology for the A‐B‐O groups are demonstrated, and it is pointed out that the same principles have universal applicability not only to other blood group systems in man, but also to studies on the blood groups of infra‐human species, and antigens of soluble proteins, bacte

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A comparison of 1‐cysteine activated papain and bromelin with saline, albumin and anti‐human globulin (AHG) technics in the detection of antibodies to red cells indicated that the enzyme technics are more sensitive than saline and albumin technics; are not significantly different from the AHG technic in the detection of anti‐D, anti‐C and anti‐e; are more sensitive in the detection of anti‐E, anti‐c and immune anti‐A; are less sensitive in the detection of anti‐Kell, anti‐Duffy, anti‐M and anti‐S—the corresponding antigens of which they alter to prevent a positive AHG reaction. Serum inhibition of papain was prevented by the use of 1% papain up to a dilution of 1:32; enhancement of titers resulted from the use of 0.1% enzyme thereafter. A 15‐minute incubation period was found to be optimal. Bromelin solutions were found to be much more stable than papain. It was concluded that although these enzyme technics are simple, economical and satisfactory within the limits applying to any enzyme technic, they are valuable adjuncts only and cannot replace the AHG test in prenatal and pretra

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Electrophoresis in Physiology. Lena A. Lewis.Recent Advances in Human Genetics. L. S. Penrose.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY