摘要:

A review of our knowledge of acute hemolytic transfusion reactions indicates that we have learned much in recent years about the pathogenetic mechanisms involved. An approach to effective therapy for patients suffering such reactions should be based on our latest understanding of the pathophysiology of this syndrome. However, changes in our therapeutic approach have not kept abreast of our increased awareness of the etiologic factors, and the patient, therefore, is not getting the benefit of our increased knowledge in this area. The primary pathogenetic mechanisms involved in these reactions appear to be disseminated intravascular coagulation and a series of hemodynamic alterations leading to ischemic necrosis of tissues. Therapy would best be aimed at interfering with these primary pathophysiologic pathways.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17277151928.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Platelets were frozen with 4% or 5% DMSO at an overall rate of 2 to 3 C per minute and were stored at −80 C for as long as 10 months. They were washed with DMSO‐plasma and acid‐citrate‐dextrose (ACD) solutions and were stored in 30 ml of autologous plasma at room temperature for about three hours before transfusion. Measurements were made of oxygen consumption, platelet aggregation and release reaction, platelet factor‐ 3 and‐4 activities, and platelet response to hypotonic stress. Platelet basal and latex stimulated oxygen consumption were found to be significantly impaired; platelet aggregation response to ADP, epinephrine, and collagen were decreased; platelet ATP and ADP content and release reactions were decreased; platelet antiheparin activity (platelet factor‐4 level) was decreased; and the platelet response to hypotonic stress was impaired. What the results of these in vitro tests mean in relation to in vivo survival and hemostatic function of preserved platelets was no

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17277151929.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present report describes a modified, rapid acid‐stromal method for elution of erythrocyte antibodies. With this method, potent crystal clear auto and alloantibody eluates can be produced. The simplicity of the method makes it readily adaptable to the routine serological laboratory or blood bank. In semiquantitative and quantitative studies, we have found that this method compares favorably with other antibody elution methods. With alloantibodies, the rapid acid elution method and the ether method produced the strongest eluates with the ether eluates being slightly more potent than the rapid eluated. By contrast, with autoantibodies the rapid method was clearly superior, producing much stronger IgG erythrocyte coating as judged by the 125I antiglobulin tes

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17277151914.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A procedure which may distinguish between old and new CPD blood units in liquid state is described. It is based on the observation of increased tendency to reversible agglomeration in old erythrocytes in liquid preservation. Erythrocytes clump together when they are mixed with low ionic strength solutions in pH range of 5.2 to 6.5. We found that liquid‐stored erythrocytes show an augmented tendency to agglomerate in 0.24M sucrose, pH 7.2. The tendency increases with storage so that in the fourth week, more than 70% of the units show agglomeration under these conditions. The addition of minute amounts of sodium chloride may prevent agglomeration. As the cells age, higher salt concentration is required to prevent agglomeration. A short incubation of washed cells with adenosine may reverse the tendency of outdated erythrocytes to agglomerate, concomitantly with reestablishment of initial ATP level. However, depletion of the ATP of fresh cells with fluoride does not induce agglomeration. A 20 hour incubation of units at 37 C with CPD revealed an increased sensitivity of older units, with low ATP and positive agglomeration. This test may help in distinguishing between outdated and younger units in the blood ban

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17277151915.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sixty English‐language articles on the motivation and recruitment of blood donors and nondonors are reviewed and evaluated. Apparently researchers have been finding essentially the same results for approximately twenty years. Motivations to donate are: altruism/humanitarian, personal or family credit, social pressure, replacement and reward. Motivations not to donate are: fear (of needle, sight of blood, weakness, finger or ear pricking), medical excuses, reactions, apathy, and inconvenience. Deeper analysis of motivation suggests that donors may unconsciously desire a “pat‐on‐the‐back” for their efforts. Retention and management of prior donors may be more significant to meeting blood needs than motivation of new donors. Suggestions for donor recruitment effectiveness ar

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17277151916.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Granulocytes were harvested from each of five healthy male volunteers once by continuous flow centrifugation with the IBM‐Aminco Celltrifuge, and once by adhesion filtration leukapheresis with nylon fiber. Granulocyte recovery and purity were significantly better with the filtration leukapheresis system than with continuous flow centrifugation. Measurements of trypan blue dye exclusion and muramidase activity were similar to those in control granulocytes regardless of the method of isolation. Granulocyte‐stimulated oxygen consumption was diminished in granulocytes prepared by the adhesion filtration method, but normal in those prepared by continuous flow centrifugation with the IBM‐Aminco Celltr

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17277151917.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A total of 232 leukaphereses were performed with a continuous flow (CFC) of 89 donors related to recipients to obtain granulocytes for infected granulocytopenic recipients. One hundred fifteen runs were done without pretreatment of the donors and were used as controls. Pharmacological pretreatment of the remaining one hundred seventeen donors included Prednisone, given in an oral dose (50 mg) the evening prior to the run, and/or 250ml of 6 per cent hydroxyethyl starch added to the input line of the CFC throughout the run. A median of 9.2 liters of donor blood was processed with each run. The pretreatment of the donors with Prednisone plus the addition of HES to the input line significantly increased the number of granulocytes collected. Donors tolerated the leukapheresis procedure well, and no significant side effects were associated with Prednisone or HES administration. Early and frequent use of such granulocytes was effective in the short‐term control of fever in the granulocytopenic recipients who failed to respond to 48 hours of broad spectrum antibiotic coverag

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17277151918.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The concentrations of ATP and 2,3‐DPG and post‐transfusion viability were measured in human red blood cells exposed for one, four and seven hours to room temperature before refrigerated storage for 21 days. No effect of room temperature storage was observed on ATP or viability. Decrease in 2,3‐DPG was accelerated by room temperature exposure but the differences in 2.3‐DPG were small and unlikely to have a significant adverse effect on red blood cell oxygen delivery. Delays of up to seven hours in refrigeration of blood do not appear to have serious adverse effects on red blood cell viability or f

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17277151919.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 112 plateletphereses done by the Haemonetics blood processor, the comparative effectiveness of ACD formula A, ACD formula B, and 2 per cent citrate in saline was evaluated. With respect to yields of platelets and white blood cells (e.g., lymphocytes), ACD‐B was significantly better than the other two. Both ACD‐B and 2 per cent citrate gave a much lower incidence of citrate reactions in the donors than were encountered with AC

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17277151920.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐five leukaphereses were done by the Haemonetics system using citrated Dextran 75 in normal saline as anticoagulant, and were compared with a much larger series using hydroxyethyl starch (HES) with and without steroid premedication. The granulocyte and platelet yields were only minimally different between the two agents. Both were inferior in granulocyte collection to the group that was premedicated with a steroid. Dextran is thus a satisfactory substitute for HES in leukapheresis with this syste

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17277151921.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY