摘要:

Granulocytes can be expected to have a life span of up to four days after collection. The number of morphologically normal cells declines by 10 to 15 per cent per day during the first two days. Phagocytosis, bacterial killing and metabolic activities related to the hexose monophosphate shunt remain essentially unchanged during the first day of storage, but chemotaxis ATP levels and the ability of the granulocytes to circulate are reduced after storage. Preliminary information suggests that chemotaxis and ATP may be better maintained at room temperature, although studies in rabbits suggest that in vivo function may be better maintained by refrigerator storage. Granulocytes collected by ordinary phlebotomy, CFCL and IFCL behave in general, similarly during storage. However, in our experience, FL granulocytes have a greater loss of bactericidal capacity and chemo‐tactic responsiveness during storage. Although others have been able to better maintain in vitro function of FL granulocytes, these cells may be more susceptible to damage during storage unless scrupulous collection technique is used. The influence of many other storage variables including: pH, composition of container, agitation, surface to volume ratio, cell concentration, nutrient requirements, presence of other cells such as red cells or platelets is not yet established. Agitation during storage at room temperature causes reduced chemotactic response. Granulocyte chemiluminescence is maintained when the storage pH is 6.5 to 8.0, however a narrower range may be needed for maintenance of chemotactic response. Other studies indicate that storage in polyvinyl chloride containers may be preferable to polyolefin or ethylenevinyl acetate. Although storage of granulocytes should be possible, the conditions are not yet sufficiently well defined to justify this practice. Granulocytes should be transfused as soon as possible after collectio

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20280169952.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An enzyme‐linked antiglobulin test was used to quantify the amount of IgG antibodies on red blood cells. Erythrocytes were sensitized with various blood group antibodies, washed, incubated with antiglobulin conjugated with alkaline phosphatase, washed, substrate was added and the optical density of the product was measured. This optical density was linearly proportional to the concentration of red blood cell antibodies incubated with the cells. The assay was easy to perform, had a standard deviation of 7 per cent on replicated assays, and was more sensitive than the manual antiglobulin tes

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20280169953.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Administration sets containing in‐line plastic blood pumps are commonly used to transfuse blood. Flow rates were measured while six units of whole blood and red blood cells were infused through a blood pump administration set coupled to either a large pore 260‐micron filter or a 20‐micron microaggregate blood filter. Using the same type of blood pump administration system and three units of whole blood, the flow rates achieved by the currently available microaggregate blood filters were compared. Results showed that despite a smaller pore size the 20‐micron microaggregate blood filter achieved flow rates that were faster than or equal to those recorded for the larger pore (260‐micron) filter. This was attributed to the larger filtration surface area possessed by the smaller pore filter, 140 cm2versus only 30 cm2for the 260‐micron filter. All of the microaggregate filters studied were able to filter three units of whole blood at flow rates in excess of 80 ml/minute. There was no evidence of blood pump induced hemolysis. We concluded that a manual infusion pump can be used to transfuse microaggregate filtered blood rapidly enough to be acceptable for routine clinical or intraop

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20280169954.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The energy metabolism of human platelets stored at 22 C with continuous agitation has been studied. Freshly prepared platelets contain 9.7 mg of glycogen, 9.1 μ moles of ATP, 3.7 μ moles of ADP, 0.9μ moles of AMP per 1011platelets and have an adenylate charge of 0.8. In the first 72 hours of storage there is no appreciable change in the glycogen content, adenylate charge and rate of ATP pool labeling. Therefore, on the basis of these results, the early impairment of function reported by others cannot be ascribed to alterations in the platelet energy metabolism. Upon further storage, however, there is a progressive loss of adenylate and glycogen while hypoxanthine accumulates extracellular

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20280169955.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human red blood cell concentrates with hematocrit values of 75 V% were prepared from citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose (CPD) blood, stored at 4 C for 20 to 28 days, and biochemically modified with a solution containing pyruvate, inosine, glucose, phosphate, and adenine (PIGPA Solution A). The rejuvenated red blood cells were frozen with 40% W/V glycerol in a polyolefin plastic bag and were stored at −80 C. After three to four years of frozen storage, the units were thawed, washed, and stored at 4 C in a sodium chloride‐glucose‐phosphate solution for 24 hours prior to transfusion. Red blood cell recovery was 97 per cent after thawing and 90 per cent after washing. An automated differential agglutination procedure (ADA) showed 24‐hour survival values of about 80 per cent, and long‐term survival values of about 85 days depending on the disease state of the recipient. The red blood cells had normal affinity for oxygen on the day of transfusion. Plasma hemoglobin levels measured immediately after transfusion indicated extravascular removal of nonviable donor red blood cells. There was no increase in the uric acid level during the 24‐hour posttransfusion period. A pool of three to ten units of rejuvenated washed previously frozen red blood cells was transfused rapidly to each of 19 anemic elderly patients. The red blood cells which had normal oxygen delivery capacity immediately upon transfusion increased the recipient's red blood cell mass and produced no u

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20280169956.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The management of patients with cryoglobulins often meets with limited success. Reported here is the use of plasmapheresis and/or partial plasma exchange in the management of five patients with cryoglobulinemia. The procedure was carried out at room temperature with reinfusion through a blood warmer. Circulating levels of mixed cryoglobulins and monoclonal IgM cryoglobulins were more easily reduced than were IgG cryoproteins. Improvement in symptoms was associated with removal of the cryoprotein. Pheresis can be used as primary therapy for reduction of cryoglobulin levels in cases of symptomatic essential cryoglobulinemia. Where an etiology for cryoglobulinemia is known and specific treatment exists, pheresis can be used as effective adjunct therapy.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20280169957.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The factor or constellation of factors which precipitates blood transfusion in hospitals can be termed the “transfusion trigger.” The blood transfusion experience of 535,031 male and female surgical patients was compared in order to evaluate the importance of the hematocrit as a component of this transfusion trigger. Transfusion data presented support the hypothesis that surgeons use the same support and ceiling hematocrit levels to regulate blood transfusion in men and women, despite the fact that women have lower hematocrits. The use of a lower hematocrit support level to govern the blood transfusion of female surgical patients should be considered. Data cited showing that women have a degree of physiologic adaptation to their lower hematocrits suggest that this change could be introduced without causing increased morbidity. A net saving of blood would most certainly result from

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20280169958.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This report documents a mild case of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) associated with anti‐Jk3. The Filipino mother had previously had six children none of whom had been affected by HDN. She had been transfused at the time of her second pregnancy. Anti‐Jkband anti‐Jk3 were detected in the maternal serum at the time of her seventh delivery. No prenatal serologic tests for blood group antibodies had been performed. The cord blood was found to have a positive direct antiglobulin test and anti‐Jkbplus anti‐Jk3 were eluted. The infant was treated with pho

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20280169959.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sera from 200 volunteer blood donors and 200 paid blood donors, all positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), were tested for the presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). HBeAg was detected in 31 HBsAg‐positive paid donors (15%), and in 11 HBsAg‐positive volunteer donors (5%) by agar gel diffusion. The presence of HBeAg was associated with higher titers of HBsAg. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of antibody to HBeAg (anti‐HBe) in the two donor groups. Rheumatoid factor was not associated with the presence or absence of HBeAg or anti‐HBe, indicating that HBeAg is probably not an anti‐IgG. These data support the epidemiological evidence that paid blood donors appear to be more likely than volunteer donors to transmit hepatitis B virus infection to recipients of th

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20280169960.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two thousand plateletpheresis procedures performed on 335 donors by either semicontinuous flow centrifu‐gation (Haemonetics Model 30) or a multiple bag technique were analyzed for effects on donors and the yield of platelets. The platelet yield was independent of collection method, number of prior donations and donor's hematocrit. It varied directly with the donors' platelet count and was significantly higher for women donating by semi‐continuous flow centrifugation. Even at the lowest platelet harvest, the number of platelets obtained was sufficient to meet federal standards for platelet collection procedures. Donor platelet counts decreased following the first multiunit plateletpheresis procedure. After the equivalent of continued alternate day platelet collections the count reached a mean low of 70 per cent as compared to the precollection count, occurring after six to eight donations. The yield was comparably reduced to a mean of 64 per cent. By the tenth donation platelet counts had returned to baseline values, apparently as a result of increased production by the marrow. Similarly, platelet yields returned to higher (i.e. normal) levels. Further donations did not cause platelet counts or yields to vary from normal values. Repeated daily plateletpheresis resulted in more variability in donor platelet counts. Since none of the donors was subjected to this procedure for more than nine consecutive days, marrow response could not be assessed. Comparing number of donations, donor platelet counts and subsequent yields, there was no difference between daily pheresis and an alternate day schedule. Donor hematocrits were not changed by these frequent collections and other side effects were not observed. This study indicates that repeated multiunit plateletpheresis can continuously provide adequate platelet yields without adversely affecting don

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20280169961.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY