ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04757.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The addition of dipyridamole, a synthetic deaminase inhibitor at a concentration of 1 × 10−4M to human Heparin‐ACD blood fortified with adenosine, results in an increase in ATP above control levels during storage at 4 C, rising to a maximum of 130 per cent at five days and falling to 20 per cent at 30 days. Aliquots of the same blood fortified with adenine, adenosine or both incubated at 37 C for 30 hours showed levels at or slightly above the upper limit of +2 SD of normal. The addition of dipyridamole at a concentration of 1 × 10−4M to similar aliquots showed significant increases in ATP above normal, rising to a maximum of 300, 350 and 400 per cent in the aliquots fortified with adenine, adenosine and both respectively.Whereas the presence of adenine, adenosine or both in Heparin‐ACD blood did not significantly alter the rise in whole blood inorganic phosphate during incubation at 37 C for 30 hours, the addition of dipyridamole to similar aliquots depressed the level by from 20 to 30 per cent of control values.The possible beneficial role of a deaminase inhibitor in the preservation of human red cells is

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04758.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The demonstration of recurrent lymphadenitis attributable to CMV during periods of hemolysis in a patient with chronic acquired hemolytic anemia of autoimmune type, led to the investigation of the possible etiologic relationship between this virus and acquired hemolytic anemia. In children a frequent association was demonstrated. Previously unrecognized clinical manifestations attributable to CMV were frequently observed. In this age group lymphadenopathy was a prominent finding in the majority of the cases and appeared to correspond to periods of rapid virus multiplication. It was noted that the predominant cellular lesion was not the well known pathognomonic large inclusion‐bearing cell which is a comparatively rare end state in the cellular response to the virus but less fully developed cellular lesions representing early and intermediate states. Recognition of these lesions permitted a rough appraisal of the extent of viral activity and showed that the latter generally correlated well with the hemolytic process.A basis for active infection by an ordinarily occult virus was sought and frequently found in an apparent impairment of the normal immune mechanism expressed clinically by extreme susceptibility to intercurrent infections and frequently associated with organic defects conducive to such a state. In young infants age‐determined susceptibility alone seemed to explain the lack of resistance to the occult viral agent.The findings led to the following interrelated hypotheses:1. The presence of CMV in AHA is not fortuitous or coincidental but reflects a (not necessarily exclusive) etiologic relationship.2. Acute, intermittent, or chronic hemolysis in AHA is related to primary or reactivated latent infection with CMV or other occult viruses in individuals susceptible by virtue of physiologically or pathologically impaired immunity, the cause of which is apparent in symptomatic forms but not as yet in the idiopathic type.3. The pathogenesis of AHA involves viremia or the presence of noninfective viral particles or products in the circulation. Infection within the RE system as opposed to sites less accessible to the circulation, such as epithelium, permits their discharge into the blood stream and determines hemolysis.4. The demonstration of the same agent in autoimmune and non‐autoantibody AHA suggests a unified concept of pathogenesis in which erythrocyte autoantibodies represent a variable secondary response to heterogenetic stimuli of viral origin.5. In the light of this theory the role of autoantibodies in autoimmune AHA is likely to be at most contributory, as also indicated by the frequent dissociation of hemolysis and antiglobulin reaction, and earlier data bearing on this question need to be reeval

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04759.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Quantitative hemagglutination assays with anti‐Rh1 (Rh0or D), anti‐Rh2 (rh′ or C), anti‐Rh3 (rh″ or E) and anti‐Rh4 (hr′ or c) were performed on the erythrocytes of standard donors of known genotype and of members of one family showing segregation and recombination of four complex Rh genes:R1,2,–3,–4,RW1,–2,3,‐4,R−1,–2,‐3,4, andR−1,2,–3,–4. Within the pedigree, duplicate and triplicate examples of each genotype reacted identically. Hemagglutination scores provided concordant data but showed, additionally, that (1) the strength of expression of both Rh1 and Rhw1 (

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04760.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thein vitrobehavior of human red cells exposed to varying concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin was studied. The addition of bilirubin to red cells in final concentrations in excess of 20 mg per cent produced a disruption of the cation gradients across the cell membrane with a loss of cellular K+, inhibition of cellular utilization of glucose, release of inorganic phosphate from the cell, spicule formation of the red cell membrane followed by spherocytosis and hemolysis and decreased intracellular ATP.The addition of albumin to the experimental bilirubin red cell mixture reversed these effects except for a minor cell population that went on to hemolysis.Saponin and sodium lauryl sulfate, in sublytic concentrations, produced loss of inorganic phosphate from the red cell followed by gradual disruption of the membrane cation equilibrium, and a slow loss of K+from the cell. There was minimal impairment of glucose consumption. Spicule formation of the red cell membrane was observed, but there was no significant change in intracellular ATP concentration. The addition of bilirubin to cells treated with saponin or sodium lauryl sulfate produced independent partially additive toxic effects.Unconjugated sodium bilirubinate has a direct toxicity on erythrocyte functional integrity and, in high concentrations, is hemolytic.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04761.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Titers of several heterophilic antibodies have been found elevated following the administration of blood group substance A through blood transfusion. These antibodies include sheep agglutinins, beef hemolysins, beef agglutinins, and occasionally sheep hemolysins. The titers of the first two antibodies which are consistently elevated also in infectious mononucleosis may be a source of error in the serologic diagnosis of this disease. However, antibodies in the two conditions can be differentiated by absorption with: 1) guinea pig kidney and beef erythrocytes, as is done in the differential test; 2) blood group substance A which removes completely the antibodies that follow immunization with substance A but not in infectious mononucleosis. We could find no evidence to indicate that heterophilic antibodies in infectious mononucleosis are produced against the host's blood group antigens.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04762.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of administration filter sets on the efficiency of platelet transfusion was evaluated. It was established that when fresh blood was passed repeatedly through these sets not more than 3 per cent of the platelets were trapped on the filter; the number of platelets appearing in the recipient's circulation immediately after transfusion was not significantly different from the number found when no filter was used; finally, platelets infused through a filter survived for just as long as platelets which had not passed through a filter.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04763.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The occurrence of anti‐Lubis uncommon. A group O, Rh‐negative woman developed atypical antibodies during her second pregnancy. The direct antiglobulin reaction on the cord blood was weakly positive and the infant developed mild jaundice. The mother's cells were determined to be Lub‐negative and the antibody in the serum was identified as ant

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04764.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Occurrence in Budapest of anti‐Tja‐like hemolysin in patients with habitual abortion was studied. Anti‐Tja‐like hemolysin could not be detected in any single case of 320 tests performed in 102 pregnant a

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04765.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Anticoagulant Prophylaxis and Treatment. G. I. C. Ingram and Sir John Richardson.Bleeding Disorders, Investigation and Management. R. M. Hardisty and G. I. C. Ingram.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04766.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY