ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25485273804.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1985.tb01340.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Combined data from the American Association of Blood Banks, American National Red Cross, and Community Council of Blood Centers for 1981 compared to similar data for 1980 show an increase in the collection and use of blood and components. In 1981, a greater percent of donor units was converted to multiple components. Use of blood resources was more efficient in 1981 than in 1980.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25485273805.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seropositivity to human T‐cell lymphotrophic virus‐III (HTLV‐III) can have profound implications for the individual in whom it is detected. Simple and reliable tests are needed to confirm positivity by screening assays. In this study, detection of human antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) on acetone‐fixed HTLV‐III infected H9 cells was evaluated in blood donors, patients with infectious or auto‐immune diseases, and men with or at high risk for developing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Specific and nonspecific patterns of immunofluorescent reactivity were distinguished easily. None of 98 serums from blood donors was positive, while two of 33 serums from patients attending an infectious disease clinic, both homosexual men, were positive. Ninety‐six percent of 24 serums from men with AIDS, 87 percent of 70 serums from men with lymphadenopathy, and 50 percent of 135 serums from healthy gay men were positive. These results paralleled those obtained by Western blotting and membrane immunofluorescence. In contrast, 11 and 4 percent, respectively, of these serums were judged as borderline or not interpretable by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of these serums, those that were positive by IFA were positive by Western blots, and 16 of the 17 IFA‐negative serums were negative by Western blots. These studies indicate that IFA is a sensitive and specific assay for HTLV‐III antibod

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25485273806.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lymphocyte responses to mitogen stimulation were studied in healthy hemophiliac patients. To study kinetics and dose response, three different concentrations of the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were used, and proliferation was measured on each of 6 days. Patients with T4/T8 ratios of less than 1.00 showed decreased proliferation compared to normal controls and to hemophiliac patients with ratios greater than 1.00. These findings were more pronounced with PWM than with PHA. Over the range of concentrations tested, patients and controls showed similar dose responses to PHA; no dose responses to PWM were demonstrable. There were no significant differences among the patient and control groups in kinetics of response to either mitogen. Interleukin‐II (IL‐2) activity produced in response to PHA stimulation also was studied. Hemophiliac patients with T4/T8 ratios less than 1.00 showed decreased IL‐2 activity in 48‐hour PHA culture supernatants compared to normal controls and hemophiliac patients with ratios greater th

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25485273807.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1985.tb01344.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In Saudi Arabia, a native patient with no known risk factors for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed both clinical and laboratory evidence of AIDS 2 years after receiving transfusion of 11 units of blood obtained from a commercial distributor in the United States. This case suggests that a history of transfusions of blood components imported from areas where AIDS is prevalent should be elicited from patients in the Middle East with symptoms and physical findings suggesting AIDS.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25485273808.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An additive solution containing adenine, ascorbate‐2‐phosphate, sodium phosphate, dextrose, and saline was developed for packed red cell preservation. The combination of all components was simultaneously optimized so that the resulting solution produced the maximum retention of both red cell adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) concentrations. Fourteen nutrient combinations were tested; each combination was evaluated for 42 days of storage using cells from three donors. The nutrient combinations were chosen with the aid of a computerized experimental design process. Results of the experiments were modeled by regression analysis, and the model was optimized to produce the “best” formulation for simultaneous maintenance of ATP and 2,3 DPG. The resulting mathematically optimal formulation was tested in the laboratory using 10 units of red cells. With this solution, it was possible to store red cells for 42 days with retention of 45 to 55 percent of the initial ATP and 85 to 150 percent of the initial 2,3 DPG. Red cell lysis was low (0.8 percent), and most of the cells were biconcave discs (by scanning electron microscopy) at the end of storage. The studies were carried out in an efficient manner by using computer‐optimized experimental design techniques coupled with multiple regression modeling and subsequent computer optimization of the models. This experimental approach has potential application to many current blood banking procedures. This additive solution should maintain viable red cells for 42 days. In addition, the solution will maintain red cell 2,3 DPG throughou

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25485273809.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A saline‐adenine‐glucose‐phosphate‐maltose (SAGP‐maltose) quadruple‐ pack system was devised to improve the conventional method of preparing blood components. One of the features of this method is that high‐speed centrifugation was used as the initial spin in the two‐step centrifugation of whole blood. This feature permitted the removal of the buffy coat from red cells at the same time the platelets were isolated. Since the platelets were concentrated without forming a button, the damage to the platelets due to mechanical stress in preparation was minimized. Another major feature was the use of the SAGP‐maltose solution. Maltose effectively prevented hemolysis during storage in a protein‐poor medium for preserving red cells. Judging from the red cell adenosine triphosphate level and morphology score, it should be possible to store red cells for 35 to 42 days in SAGP‐maltose preservative. In addition, approximately 25 percent more plasma was collected in the present system than in conventional

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25485273810.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Each of 20 donors underwent plateletapheresis on both the CS‐3000 (Fenwal) and the 2997 (IBM) blood cell separators. The same operator performed both procedures and conducted all product studies for each donor. Platelet collection efficiency was significantly greater with the 2997 (81%) than the CS‐3000 (60%) (p less than .0005). Both techniques provided high platelet yields that were not significantly different (2997: 6.1 × 10(11), CS‐3000: 5.7 × 10(11)), permitting comparison of other variables without accounting for different yields. Significantly more leukocytes were present in products collected with the CS‐3000 (0.46 × 10(9)) than the 2997 (0.09 × 10(9), p less than 0.0005). More acid‐citrate‐dextrose was infused during procedures with the 2997 (471 ml) than the CS‐3000 (324 ml, p less than 0.0005); the donors' ionized calcium decreased significantly more during procedures with the 2997 (27.3%) than the CS‐3000 (17.0%, p less than 0.0005). Hypocalcemic symptoms were more common during procedures with the 2997. Product volume was greater with the 2997 (414 ml) than the CS‐3000 (237 ml, p less than 0.0005). All products contained less than 1 ml of red cells. Set‐up time was significantly greater with the 2997 (37 minutes) than the CS‐3000 (18 minutes, p less than 0.0005), but processing time was significantly less with the 2997 (90 minutes) than the CS‐3000 (110 minutes, p less than 0.0005). There was no difference in the decrease in donor platelet count with procedures between the 2997 (27%) and the CS‐3000 (26%).(AB

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25485273811.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY