ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.33994025014.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.33994025015.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This report describes acute changes in systemic blood pressure and urine output observed after a 50‐percent isovolemic exchange transfusion (ET) with diaspirin‐crosslinked hemoglobin (alpha alpha Hb). Stroma‐free Hb was crosslinked between the alpha chains by using a 14C‐labeled diaspirin, bis(3,5‐dibromosalicyl)fumarate. Forty conscious, chronically cannulated rats underwent ET with 14C‐labeled alpha alpha Hb solution (8.0 g/dL [80 g/L]). This resulted in systemic hypertension for 3 to 4 hours after ET (mean arterial pressure rose from 120 to 145 torr at 1 to 2 hours after ET) and mild bradycardia for 2 to 3 hours (heart rate decreased from 420 to 335 beats/min [bpm]before stabilizing at 360 +/− 10 bpm). This was accompanied by significant diuresis immediately after ET (5‐ 6‐fold increase in urine output, which normalized after 12 hours), and mild hemoglobinuria. The total amount of Hb recovered in the urine was<5 percent of the injected dose. Reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed the presence of crosslinked alpha alpha Hb molecules in the urine. Renal excretion of radioactivity was significantly greater, with 20 percent of total radioactivity being eliminated within 24 hours. The plasma half‐life for alpha alpha Hb was 5 hours (administered dose, 2.4 g Hb/kg body weight). Thus, infusion of alpha alpha Hb caused a transient systemic hypertension, and intramolecular crosslinking alone was not enough to exclude completely the filtration of alph

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.33994025016.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An optimized additive solution was developed for the postthaw preservation of red cells that contained adenine, glucose, disodium phosphate, and citrate buffer. This solution, called AS‐17, was compared to AS‐3 solution in a clinical trial using 40 subjects (20 in each arm). Fresh‐frozen red cells were thawed and deglycerolized after 1 to 18 months and subjected to a second period of storage in either solution for up to 3 weeks at refrigerator temperatures. Both solutions yielded red cells with 24‐hour survivals in excess of 75 percent. Cells stored in AS‐3 for 21 days had a mean survival of 77 +/− 8 percent and cells stored in AS‐17 a mean survival of 79 +/− 11 percent. The AS‐17 solution resulted in improved maintenance of pH, p50, and 2,3 DPG compared to that with AS‐3, but both solutions appear adequate for 3 weeks

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.33994025017.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Interpretation of in vitro experiments usingYersinia enterocoliticain blood components requires information on factors affecting the organism's survival. Several factors were found to influence the survival ofY. enterocolitica(serotype O:8) in blood components. A 20‐ minute room‐temperature incubation with plasma‐containing components resulted in approximately 2 log10inactivation. Inactivation could be prevented by preincubation treatment of the plasma at 55°C for 1 hour, which suggests the involvement of heat‐labile plasma factors. No antibacterial activity was observed in washed red cells during the 20‐minute room‐temperature incubation. However,Y. enterocoliticacolony‐forming units declined by up to 2 log10in washed red cells during the first days of 4 degrees C storage. Use of a white cell‐ reduction filter on freshly inoculated samples removed approximately 1 log10of the organism regardless of whether bacteria were suspended in saline or washed red cells. Thus, bacterial levels may be affected by plasma, cellular components, and white cell‐reduction filters. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting in vitro spiking studies designed to investigate the potential benefits of white cell reduction to eliminate the growth ofY. enterocoliticabecause of potential differences between naturally infected and experimentall

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.33994025018.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fibrinogen concentrates for use as fibrin glue were prepared by modification of a cryoprecipitate method. The goals were the optimization of a method for different centrifuges and anticoagulants and the assay of factors not previously analyzed. Following a ‐70 degrees C freeze and a 4 degrees C thaw, CPDA‐1 and ACD plasma were centrifuged at 6500 ×gfor 5 minutes or, alternatively, at 5000 ×gfor 7 minutes. The supernatant plasma was expressed to a final volume of 15.5 ± 3 mL, and concentrates were stored at ‐30 degrees C. Preconcentration and postconcentration samples were analyzed for fibrinogen, fibronectin, factor XIII, and plasminogen content. Fibrinogen in CPDA‐1 plasma was significantly higher than that in ACD plasma both before and after concentration at both centrifugation speeds. Fibronectin, factor XIII, and plasminogen concentrations were not significantly affected by centrifugation speed or the type of anticoagulant used. Fibronectin and plasminogen concentrations were significantly increased in components that were held for 5 to 6 days, as compared to those held for 0 to 1 day before freezing. Storage for up to 20 days in CPDA‐1 and up to 5 months in ACD did not affect analyte concentration. It is concluded that ACD plasma centrifuged at 5000 × g yields a significantly low concentration of fibrinogen, while CPDA‐1 plasma centrifuged at 6500 ×gyields the highest amount. Acceptable yields were obtained from centrifugation of ACD plasma at 6500 ×gand of CPDA‐1 plasma at 5000 ×gfo

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.33994025019.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To determine the amount of blood lost, the number of transfusions, and the effectiveness of preoperative autologous blood donation in radical prostatectomy, 163 patients' records from 1987 to 1991 were reviewed at four university hospitals and three community hospitals. Calculated red cell volume lost was 1003 ± 535 mL (mean ± SD), which corresponds to 44 ± 18 percent (mean ± SD) of total red cell volume. Preoperative donation of blood for autologous use reduced the rate of transfusion of allogeneic blood from 66 to 20 percent (p<0.001). Of the patients who donated 1 to 2 units, 32 percent received allogeneic blood; 14 percent of those who donated 3 units received allogeneic blood. Donation of 4 units reduced the allogeneic transfusion rate to 11 percent. However, as the number of units donated increased (1–3 units), the units not transfused also increased (0–21%). Ninety‐one (56%) of 163 patients donated fewer than 3 units. Autologous blood donation is effective in minimizing the transfusion of allogeneic blood to radical prostatectomy patients, but many patients do not donate enough blood (<3 units). The donation of 3 units of blood for autologous use is recommended for patients who undergo radical pros

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.33994025020.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To evaluate the effectiveness of microwave irradiation in dissociating IgG from red cells (RBCs), the use of chloroquine diphosphate (CDP) was compared to that of microwaves. Fifteen paired samples of RBCs from 15 patients with positive direct antiglobulin tests (DATs) were treated with both CDP and microwave radiation. Total microwave exposure times ranged from 20 to 100 seconds. Posttreatment DATs were performed, and the reaction grades of the posttreatment DATs were compared. RBC phenotyping was also performed on repeatedly microwaved RBCs to demonstrate possible effects on RBC antigen expression. Microwaves successfully reduced the reaction grade of the DAT in 14 of 15 samples; CDP reduced the reaction grade in 12 of 15 samples. In samples with a DAT of 2+ or greater (n = 13), the microwave method yielded a greater reduction in DAT strength in six cases (results in the other 7 cases were identical with both methods) (p = 0.01). Five of eight cases with a DAT of 3+ showed a greater reduction in the DAT with microwave treatment than with CDP treatment; results in the remaining three cases were identical (p = 0.03). RBC antigenicity remained unchanged after exposure to microwave radiation (A, B, C, c, D, E, e, Fya, Fyb, Jka, Jkb, K, k, S, and s). Microwave treatment required less than 10 minutes per sample, while CDP treatment required 30 to 120 minutes per sample (mean, 88 min). The microwave technique of antigen‐antibody dissociation from RBCs provides a rapid and accurate method of facilitating the phenotyping of RBCs coated with warm autoantibodies and is superior to other methods, which destroy RBC antigens. The microwave procedure is preferable to CDP treatment in patients with a DAT of 2+ or greater or when rapid results are desire

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.33994025021.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is of practical importance to known whether the adsorption of platelets and contaminating white cells (WBCs) by the WBC‐reduction filter is altered when platelet concentrates (PCs) are prepared in a plasma‐poor condition with an acetate‐containing additive solution (Seto sol). Plasma‐poor PCs with 11‐percent residual plasma were prepared from apheresis platelet‐rich plasma by using a sterile docking device with steam‐sterilized Seto sol. Seto sol contains 115 mM (115 mmol/L) NaCl, 4 mM (4 mmol/L) KCl, 3 mM (3 mmol/L) MgCl2, 10 mM (10 mmol/L) Na3PO4, 15 mM (15 mmol/L) acetate, 3 mM (3 mmol/L) Na3 citrate, and 10 mM (10 mmol/L) glucose (pH 7.1). The solution was steam‐ sterilized under nitrogen gas. On Days 1 and 5, pooled Seto sol PCs (2.4 × 10(11) platelets) were filtered with a polyester filter at a flow rate of 10 mL per minute. The WBC‐removal rate was over 99.9 percent with a platelet recovery of 88 percent following Day 1 filtration. These values were very similar to those of plasma PCs, and 84‐percent recovery was achieved following Day 5 filtration. However, when 1 unit of Seto sol PCs with half the number of platelets was filtered with the polyester filter, platelet recovery was about 16 to 17 percent less than that of plasma PCs. Platelet quality was maintained if pooled Seto sol PCs were filtered on Day 1 and stored for over 4 days. Filtration did not alter platelet function in 1‐day‐old or 5‐day‐old Seto sol PCs. were filtered on Day 1 and stored for over 4 days. Filtration did not alter platelet function in 1‐day‐old or 5‐day‐old Seto sol PCs. It is concluded that the adsorption of WBCs and platelets b the filter was not changed when they were stored in a plasma‐poor condition with seto sol. Therefore, the present composition of Seto sol is adequate for maintaining in vitro adsorption of WBCs as well as the

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.33994025022.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A pilot study was performed on the storage of plasma and cryosupernatant plasma at 4 degrees C for up to 28 days. Eight bags, four of CPD fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) and four of CPD cryosupernatant plasma (CSP, plasma without cryoprecipitate), were sampled during storage for assays of pH; factors V, VIII, IX, and XI; fibrinogen; prothrombin time; activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT); plasma protein electrophoresis; viscosity; and C1q binding. No changes were found in viscosity or the plasma protein electrophoretic pattern, and there was no detectable immune complex formation. The fibrinogen concentration remained constant, and the prothrombin time showed a gradual increase of 2.5 seconds for both groups of plasma. The labile coagulation factor V decreased gradually for FFP and CSP to 58 and 64 percent of its initial value, respectively (51 ± 8% and 54 ± 6% of the value of fresh pooled plasma). Factor VIII decreased to 36 percent of its initial value in FFP (48 ± 14% of fresh pooled plasma). In CSP, factor VIII decreased after 28 days to 7 percent of its initial value (7 ± 1% of fresh pooled plasma). The APTT increased for FFP from 28 to 35.8 ± 1.1 seconds and for CSP from 36 to 49.5 ± 4.9 seconds. The only chemical change observed for both plasmas was a rise in pH, from 7.27 to 7.56, after 28 days. The results of this pilot study indicate that FFP can be stored at 4 degrees C for 28 days with sufficient recovery of coagulation factors to maintain hemostasis. The prolongation of the APTT in CSP is due to factor VIII deficiency. In vascular surgery and intensive care patients who do not have prolonged APTT, CSP stored at 4°C for up to 28 days could be used, but in vivo studies are necessary for ev

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.33994025023.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY