摘要:

Red cells from mixtures of one part of whole ACD blood and 21 parts of 5 grains of dextrose and 0.225 grains of sodium chloride per 100 ml. (5% D/4S), or one part of ACD blood and two parts of 5 per cent D/4S show a marked decrease in the ten minute Cr51in vivosurvival after one hour and three hours of priorin vitroincubation respectively. After three hours exposurein vitroto 1:21 mixtures of whole blood and 5 per cent D/4S, red cells swelled to 170–180 per cent of their original volume and in 1:3 mixtures, 160–170 per cent of their original volume. Hemolysis of 1.3 per cent occurs in vitro during this period with these mixtures. Twenty‐three per cent in the 1:3 and 33 per cent of the red cell potassium in the 1:21 mixture is lost after three hours. The combined effect of potassium loss and dilution with water causes the intracellular potassium concentration to drop to less than half of that of the ACD cells after three hours in the glucose solution. Re‐equilibration of hyperosmotic red cells (322–337 milliosmolar) exposed for three hoursin vitroto 5 per cent D/4S with normal plasma (290 milliosmolar) causes hemolysis of 13.6 per cent for 1:3 and 32.1 per cent for the 1:21 mixtures. Red cells which have reached a volume of 160–180 per cent of their original sizein vitroin 5 per cent D/4S cannot survive normallyin vivo. The poor survival in this system is not due to high glucose concentrationsper sesince red cells exposed to 5 grams of dextrose per 100 ml. of normal saline survi

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02866.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect ofin vitrostorage of platelet rich plasma (PRP) on the circulating platelet count following platelet transfusion was evaluated in patients with thrombocytopenia and acute leukemia. PRP was obtained by plasmapheresis using ACD anticoagulant. There was little or no decline in response to PRP up to seven hours after donation whether kept at room temperature or at 4 C. In order to study the effect of storage at 4 C. for 24 and 48 hours, a protocol was designed which limited donor‐patient variables. PRP stored 24 and 48 hours was 62 per cent and 37 per cent, respectively, as effective as fresh PRP in elevating the platelet count in the recipient one hour after transfusion.Stored platelets are less than 5 per cent as effective as fresh PRP in maintaining elevation of platelet count 20 hours after transfusion. These studies define, quantitatively, the effect of short‐term storage on response to transfusions of platelet rich pla

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02867.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The third example of human “D‐like” (LW) antibody is reported. The serum from an rr (cde) patient (VW) agglutinates D positive cells strongly but D negative cells to a lesser degree. The antibody does not react with the patient's own cells or with those of herR1r (CDe/cde)sister. When VW's serum is absorbed by ordinaryrr(cde) cells, the antibody is removed for D positive and D negative cells and the eluate from the cells contains “D‐like” (LW) antibody. When VW's (“anti‐D‐like”) serum is absorbed by “D‐like” (LW) negative cells, antibody for D positive and D negative cells is not removed and the eluate from these c

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02868.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Red blood cells may be “coated” with antibody by means of incubation with an appropriately selected antiserum. The coated cells are then washed, resuspended in a much‐diluted group AB serum, and used to detect the free antiglobulin remaining in negative direct or indirect Coombs tests. A method of preparing such cell suspensions is given, and their use to detect false negative antiglobulin tests is disc

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02869.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When adenine was added to freshly collected ACD blood and the blood incubated at 37 C. for one or two days, the concentration of ATP and adenine nucleotides (AMP + ADP + ATP) was higher than in the same blood without adenine. The addition of inosine with adenine was even more effective. Adenine was used by the red cells and the effective amounts of adenine to be added varied with the experimental conditions, for example, length of incubation. When adenine or adenine and inosine were incubated with outdated ACD blood, the ATP and adenine nucleotide concentrations rose, indicating that synthetic abilities were still present in red cells which had deteriorated energetically as a result of storage in citrate in the cold. When outdated red cells were returned to a more normalpH, the ATP levels increased. When adenine addition was included along with neutralization, the effects were remarkable, the ATP and adenine nucleotide levels going even above normal fresh blood levels. These experiments suggest that added adenine enhances ATP synthesis and allows formulation of a scheme for the participation of adenine in the metabolic reactions of stored cells.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02870.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Duplicate blood samples were obtained from six healthy young males, one aliquot was collected in ACD and one aliquot in a solution of heparin‐glucose‐phosphate‐adenine (HGPA). All were stored under blood bank conditions for a total of four weeks. The HGPA samples maintained their ATP and nucleotide adenine levels much better than the ACD samples and had generally higherpH's and faster rates of glycolysis. Their osmotic fragility and plasma K+levels were similar to those of the ACD samples. Because there was considerably more hemolysis in the HGPA samples than in the ACD samples and in the absence of red cell survival data, the HGPA system is not recommended at this time as a substitute for the ACD system but as a comparative system to reveal metabolic shortcomings of the ACD storage s

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02871.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty samples of outdated ACD blood were characterized by the following determinations: nucleotide composition, osmotic fragility,pH, hematocrit, final glucose concentration, plasma hemoglobin, and plasma K+. In all tests, considerable variability existed among samples. In four samples, these determinations were made daily from day 21 to day 25. In this series there were no consistent daily trends, variability being greater from sample to sample than from day to day. In another study, six stored blood samples from apparently healthy young adults were followed weekly for ATP. Those samples that initially had higher ATP levels retained this differential throughout storage, the rate of ATP breakdown being nearly the same for all samples. Of these samples, those with higher blood ATP levels had faster glycolytic rates.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02872.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The hemolysis of red cell suspensions caused by freeze‐thaw injury can be prevented by depressing the freezing point of the suspension. Methanol can depress the freezing point of a red cell suspension but itself causes significant hemolysis if the solution: red cell ratio exceeds 1:1. If 10 per cent PVP is included in the methanol solution, hemolysis due to methanol is reduced significantly and the freezing point of the methanol‐PVP‐red cell mixture can be depressed to —20 C. Hemolysis after storage of erythrocytes for 72 hours at —20 C. in 30 per cent methanol 10 per cent PVP was negligible. Antigenic strength of erythrocytes stored for one month was compared to fresh cells and showed little alteration except for the loss of the Leacharacter. Methanol‐PVP solutions represent an additional approach to the protection of erythrocytes from injury at sub‐zero

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02873.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A fatal hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti‐Kidd (Jka) is described in a woman with aplastic anemia associated with acute leukemia. Radioactive chromium studies, which were in progress at the time, made it possible to demonstrate that a severe autohemolytic crisis was a part of the reaction. The relationship between a hemolytic transfusion reaction and the initiation or intensification of autohemolysis is discussed. The difficulties of serologic diagnosis and selection of blood for transfusion in patients with nonspecific antibodies are reviewed. This case again illustrates that nonspecific agglutinins can mask the presence of specific anti‐red cell antibod

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02874.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A method for the preservation and storage of red cells is described. Cells were collected into a modified Alsever's solution to which the antibiotic cycloheximide had been added. The red cell preservative solution mixture was dispensed in small aliquots and the aliquots were stored undisturbed at +4C. Each sample tube of cells was used once only and any remaining cells were then discarded. Negligible deterioration of a few antigens was detectable after eight weeks' storage. Cells stored in the manner described are probably not suitable for use when it is necessary to titrate antibody in a serum. Such cells, however, are probably quite satisfactory as a source of antigen for use in antibody detection procedures.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02875.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY