ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1979.19479250172.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The platelets used in this study were collected by serial centrifligation, and within four hours of collection were frozen with 5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at an overall rate of 2 to 3 C per minute by storage in a mechanical refrigerator at ‐80 C. The frozen platelets were stored for four to ten weeks before thawing and washing. After washing, the units were kept at room temperature for six to eight hours before transfusion. The units were pooled, and an average of eight units was given to each of four patients, with a range of three to 14 units per transfusion.In vitrorecovery after washing was about 65 per cent andin vivorecovery of the51chromium labeled (51Cr) platelets was about 35 per cent. The infusion of these previously frozen washed platelets corrected prolonged bleeding times in patients. The homologous platelets were transfused along with other blood products to treat patients with hematologic disorders. The circulation and function of the donor platelets were influenced by compatibility of the platelets, the quality of platelet preservation and the patient's disease stat

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1979.19479250173.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Blood collected with CPD and stored was examined with optical (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after reversal of echinocytes into disco‐cytes. Reversal was achieved by incubation of the red blood cells at 37 C in an adenosine containing medium. The transformation of discocytes into echinocytes occurred rapidly during the first three weeks of storage. A shape/density relationship was observed in the various fractions. The denser cells were found to have the more advanced echinocytic changes. After incubation with adenosine, most of the cells reversed into discocytes and early stages of stomatocytes. When spheroechino‐cytes I and II were present, they reversed into sphero‐stomatocytes. No echinocytogenic property was found in plasma during 5 weeks of storage at 4 C and no immediate reversion of echinocytes was obtained in fresh plasma, therefore the initial discocyte‐echinocyte transformation was explained by intracellular changes. The data from the various fractions showed that the more dense cells were more spherocytic. We suggest that removal of this part of the population of stored red blood cells might improve the survival of transfuse

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1979.19479250174.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two examples of an autoantibody that defines a hitherto unrecognized Rh system antigen are described. Both were produced by C‐negative individuals and ostensibly resembled anti‐C in specificity. However, adsorption studies showed that the antigen that the autoantibodies define is present on all red blood cells with a “normal” Rh phenotype and on D—/D— and Dc‐/Dc‐ samples. The antigen detected is not present on Rhnullred blood cells. Serologic studies have shown that the new antibody, that has been named anti‐Rh39, has a different specificity from those that define the antigens C, Ce(rh1), G, Hro, Hr, CG, LW, Rh:29, Rh:34 and U. A possible relationship between auto‐anti‐Rh39 and alio‐anti‐C, in terms of the immu

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1979.19479250175.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The uptake of51chromium by human granulocytes isolated from blood by counterflow centrifugation is influenced by the composition of the suspension medium, the incubation period, the temperature and the amount of51chromium used. Counterflow centrifugation‐elutria‐tion isolated approximately 98 per cent of the granulocytes from the blood. Acid‐citrate‐dextrose (ACD) plasma, citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose (CPD) plasma and heparinized plasma as resuspension media produced similar labeling results, whereas phosphate‐buffered saline resulted in three times greater uptake in51chromium. The greatest uptake of51chromium (4%) was achieved after incubation at 37 C for one hour in autologous plasma, and granulocyte integrity and metabolic functionin vitrowere not adver

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1979.19479250176.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hemolytic blood transfusion reactions were produced in 20 dogs. Animals transfused with human blood twice in a two‐week interval demonstrated a significant increase in anti‐human red blood cell agglutination titer at the time of the second transfusion. Eighteen dogs that survived from the first transfusion reaction were divided into two groups with or without heparin treatment. The hemolytic transfusion reaction in the sensitized animals was characterized by shock and multiple coagulation abnormalities. Heparin failed to prevent shock, hemoglobinemia and thrombocytopenia, and decreased the mortality rate in heparinized animals. Pathologic examination revealed that the thrombi in the splanchnic organs were less common in the heparinized d

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1979.19479250177.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Blood platelets rapidly lose hemostatic function duringin vitrostorage at room temperature. In view of recent studies implicating platelet surface proteins in some aspects of platelet function, we have examined the effect of platelet storage on membrane structure and function. Platelets obtained from a single donor by double plateletpheresis were stored for seven days at 22 C with constant agitation. On succeeding days, platelets were removed and analyzed for membrane surface structure determined by iodination of membrane surface proteins, membrane function determined by serotonin uptake and equilibrium binding of thrombin to surface receptors, and platelet (unction determined by serotonin release and platelet aggregation in response to thrombin. The earliest changes in membrane surface structure were observed within 48 hours and consisted of decreased iodination of membrane surface proteins, and increased iodination of membrane proteins with estimated molecular weights of 260,000, 240,000, and 84,000. No changes were observed in the overall protein composition of the platelet, but changes in membrane function were observed. Relative uptake of serotonin decreased from 89 to 37 per cent and appeared to occur in parallel with the changes in membrane surface proteins. Changes in thrombin binding, on the other hand, were progressive throughout the storage period. The number of molecules of thrombin bound with high affinity decrease from 1,040 to 520 per platelet while the number of molecules bound with low affinity decreased from 103,600 to 4,500. No persistent alterations were observed in the affinity of thrombin for its receptors. Thrombin‐induced platelet aggregation and release of serotonin decreased in parallel with the changes in thrombin bindin

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1979.19479250178.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Baboons were bled one‐third of their blood volume and then transfused with an equivalent volume of compatible donor red blood cells with 160 per cent of normal 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) levels and improved capacity to release oxygen to tissue. The mixture of baboon donor‐recipient red blood cells in the circulation had a 2,3‐DPG level of 130 per cent of normal. After transfusion, the baboon's inspired oxygen was first lowered from 21 to 10 per cent to produce severe arterial hypoxemia with a Po2tension of less than 40 mm Hg for two hours and then restored to 21 per cent. Lactic acidemia occurred when the alveolar oxygen tension was reduced so as to produce an arterial oxygen tension of less than 40 mm Hg, even though oxygen consumption was maintained. The data suggest that when red blood cells with normal or improved oxygen delivering capacity are transfused to patients, the alveolar oxygen tension should be sufficient to maintain an arterial oxygen tension of greater than

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1979.19479250179.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study defines excessive bleeding in patients who undergo cardiopulmonary bypass, and evaluates the use of coagulation testing to predict those patients that bleed excessively. Evaluation of 774 consecutive patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery was carried out. Cardiopulmonary bypass consisted of a bloodless prime and a Harvey bubble oxygenator. In the postoperative period, excessive hemorrhage was denned as that exceeding 600 ml chest tube drainage in the first eight hours. One hundred and sixty‐three patients (21%) were noted to be in this category. Excessive bleeding postoperatively was best predicted by a PTT greater than 45 seconds, a PT greater than 19 seconds, a fibrinogen level less than 225 mg/dl and a TFT equal to or less than 1:32. These laboratory findings occur singly or in combination. The assessment of platelet, numbers or function and fibrin(ogen) split products were of no prognostic value. Using these criteria, the re‐exploration rate for excessive hemorrhage and/or tamponade was 0.6 per cent (5 out of 774 patients). No preoperative laboratory test of hemostatic function was useful in predicting coagulopathies resulting from cardiopulmonary byp

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1979.19479250180.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Some aspects influencing the serologic outcome of complement‐dependent granulocyte cytotoxicity are presented. Ficoll‐Hypaque (density 1.060) gradient centrif‐ugation with hypotonic lysis of red blood cells yielded populations of granulocytes with greater than 90 per cent purity. Granulocytes exposed to papain (0.01%) at 24 C for 12 minutes showed enhanced serologic reactivity compared with untreated cells. In addition, enhanced cytotoxicity was promoted by 5 C (cold) as opposed to 22 C (warm) incubation of granulocytes and antibody in the first stage of the microcytotoxicity assay and emphasizes the temperature dependence of the serologic reactions. Neutrophil‐specific leukoagglutinins were not cytotoxic under optimalin vitroconditions. Conversely, a significant proportion of antibodies selected for cytotoxicity failed to agglutinate granulocytes. Cold reactive granulo‐cytotoxins are complement dependent, IgM in nature, and 2‐mercaptoethanol sensitive and do not appear to be immune complexes. By optimizing reaction conditions, granulocyte microcytotoxicity is a valuable addition toin vitroassays detecting immune sensitization against granulocyte surfa

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1979.19479250181.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY