ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32292180158.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32292180135.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To detect latent infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), specimens of peripheral blood leukocytes from HIV‐seronegative hemophiliacs and from sexual partners of HIV‐seropositive hemophiliacs were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The primer pair SK 38/39 derived from thegagregion and/or the primer pair SK 68/69 corresponding to a conserved region of theenvgene were used. Whereas HIV proviral DNA was detected by PCR in samples from 86 (97%) of 89 HIV‐seropositive hemophiliacs, no HIV‐DNA was found in blood samples of 198 HIV‐seronegative hemophiliacs at risk. Of 40 HIV‐seronegative sexual partners of HIV‐infected hemophiliacs, none was PCR positive. Thus, PCR is proving to be a sensitive method by which to confirm infection in seropositive hemophiliacs, while the negative results in HIV‐seronegative hemophiliacs and HIV‐seronegative sexual partners of HIV‐seropositive hemophiliacs suggest that a prolonged seronegative period of latent HIV infecti

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32292180136.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of different doses of ultraviolet B irradiation (UVR) on the proliferative responses of Balb/c spleen cells has been tested. In 72‐hour cultures, there was dose‐dependent suppression of proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Cell viability after UVR was found to be reduced in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Proliferation increased by>100 percent after low‐dose (20 J/m2) UVR when either normal or gamma‐irradiated peritoneal cells were added to the cultures, but not at higher doses. Delaying UVR until 24 hours after stimulation of cultures with PHA did not substantially increase [3H]‐thymidine uptake. Stimulation of mixtures of UV‐irradiated and control cells or incorporation of medium conditioned with UV‐irradiated cells provided no evidence of suppression of proliferation. The accessory cell population is an important target for UVR, but cells are physically damaged to the extent that, at higher doses, the response to PHA stimulation c

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32292180137.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two techniques for the preparation of platelet concentrate (PC), the standard platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and buffy coat (BC) methods, were compared in nine paired studies with regard to platelet harvest, white cell (WBC) contamination, and PC quality after 5 days of 22°C storage. Platelet harvest using the BC method averaged approximately 56 percent of the whole blood level (6.2 × 1010/concentrate), which was less than the 76 percent achieved with the PRP‐PC method (8.7 × 1010/concentrate). An additional 5 units collected into an experimental siphon bag for BC‐PC processing showed improved platelet harvest (6.7 × 1010/concentrate, or approx. 70% of whole blood). WBCs remaining in the BC‐PC averaged 0.19 × 108per unit compared to 3.6 × 108per unit for PRP‐PC. Buffy coat processing produced red cell (RBC) units with 50 percent of the WBC contamination of conventionally prepared units (9.8 ± 6.2 × 108/unit vs. 18.9 ± 7.1 × 108/unit). The siphon bag further reduced WBC levels in the AS‐3 RBC units (6.4 ± 3.7 × 108/unit). In vitro studies performed on Days 1 and 5 after collection showed no significant differences in platelet metabolic and biologic function or cell integrity. β‐thromboglobulin and surface glycoprotein levels, indicators of platelet activation and membrane alteration, respectively, did not differ significantly in the PRP‐PC and BC‐PC; nor was lactate production higher in PRP‐PC, despite the substantially higher WBC counts. Autologous in vivo platelet viability determinations were performed by using concurrent transfusion of111In‐labeled freshly drawn platelets and51Cr‐labeled stored platelets. Paired f test analysis of BC‐PC versus PRP‐PC indicated no significant differences in platelet recovery and survival after 5 days of 22°C storage in polyolefin containers. Therefore, these studies confirm the equivalence of PC quality, comparable platelet harvest with the siphon bag, and decre

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32292180138.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ability of a photosensitizer, benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A (BPD‐MA), and either broad‐spectrum (400–1200 nm) or narrow‐band (600–700 nm) red light to kill feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and FeLV‐infected cat T cells (cell line 3201) was investigated in culture medium containing fetal calf serum and in blood from infected cats. A molecular clone of FeLV, 61E, is minimally pathogenic and productively infects 3201 cells while causing no change in rate of cell division, viability, or size. Active virus (either free or within infected cells) was quantified by using a limiting dilution assay that involved cocultivation of test samples with naive 3201 cells, after which either the polymerase chain reaction or a reverse transcriptase assay was used to detect the presence of virus. It was shown that 61 E‐infected T cells in culture were slightly more sensitive to photodynamic killing than were uninfected cells. Infected cells and free virus were eliminated from whole blood taken from infected cats by using 4 μg per mL of BPD‐MA and 40 J per cm2of red light. These results correlate well with previous results with BPD‐MA and vesicular stomatitis virus in whole human blood and suggest that this photosensitizer is a promising agent for the elimination of retroviruses that are either free or located within infec

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32292180139.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

White cell (WBC) reduction of blood components has been receiving increased attention as a way of reducing transfusion‐related complications such as WBC‐associated HLA alloimmunization and transmission of cell‐associated viral diseases. Currently available filters are limited to removing approximately 3 log10(99.9%) of WBCs from red cells (RBCs). The performance of two experimental filters that were designed to remove 6 log10WBCs from fresh RBCs during component preparation was evaluated. Both filters were able to meet this objective in less than 40 minutes with RBC losses of<15 percent under nonoptimized conditions. Filtered RBCs showed storage parameters within the normal range over a 42‐day period. The use of these filters, if combined with a sterile docking device or if incorporated into a collection set, should provide the means to supply highly WBC‐reduced RBCs with a normal s

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32292180140.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A multicenter prospective study was carried out to evaluate whether a vapor‐heated factor VIII concentrate transmitted blood‐borne viral infections over a surveillance period of 15 months. Thirty‐five patients with hemophilia and von Willebrand disease who had never received any blood components were treated. Twenty‐eight were analyzed and found not to have non‐A,non‐B hepatitis. Sera from 20 of these 28 patients were also tested for the antibody to the hepatitis C virus. None had sero‐converted during the follow‐up period. None of the patients analyzed developed markers of the hepatitis B virus (n = 17) or the human immunodeficiency virus (n = 31). This vapor‐heated factor VIII concentrate carries a low risk of transmitting hepatitis and human immunodeficienc

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32292180141.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seventeen IgA‐deficient blood donors, without antibodies to IgA, underwent plasmapheresis four to eight consecutive times at intervals of 8 weeks or less to provide fresh‐frozen plasma for patients with anti‐IgA. Blood samples, drawn for analysis no more than 1 hour before plasmapheresis and again at the conclusion of each procedure, were analyzed for lymphocyte subpopulations and serum IgA levels. Five lymphocyte subpopulations, including natural killer cells, the suppressor‐inducer CD4 subset, the suppressor‐precursor CD8 subset, non‐major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐restricted cytotoxic T cells, and CD5+ B cells, were all decreased significantly after plasmapheresis (p<0.05). In a subgroup of IgA‐deficient donors with excessive IgA‐suppressor T‐cell activity, serum IgA increased to levels exceeding 0.05 g per L following the fourth consecutive plasmapheresis procedure. Serum IgA levels did not similarly increase in IgA‐deficient donors without excessive IgA‐suppressor T‐cell activity or in controls without IgA deficiency. Our study shows the potential, in a subpopulation of IgA‐deficient donors who undergo frequent plasmapheresis, for a transient increase in serum IgA to a level no long

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32292180142.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

C4Bnull genes (C4B*QO) have been found with increased frequency in persons with viral diseases, including hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Whether a relationship might exist between the presence ofC4B*QOand antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) was investigated. Fifty blood donors who were seropositive for CMV antibodies and 101 healthy nondonors were C4‐allotyped with electrophoresis immmunofixation. CMV‐seropositive sera were titrated for CMV IgG‐specific antibody by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and serum IgG levels were assayed by rate nephelometry.C4B*QOwas higher in the CMV antibody‐positive group than in nondonors (p = 0.05), but the increase was most significant (p = 0.028) in donors with the highest titers of CMV antibodies. There was poor correlation (r = 0.015) between CMV titers and plasma IgG levels. Serum C4B levels were lower in CMV antibody‐positive donors with oneC4Bnull gene than in matched nondonors or nondonors not having any

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32292180143.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY