摘要:

Leukocyte‐poor red blood cells (RBCs) were prepared from one‐to‐seven‐day‐old whole blood using the IBM 2991 Blood Cell Processor. Blood was centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes on the initial processing cycle and for 1.5 minutes each subsequent cycle. The red blood cell override (RCO) control was used to remove portions of the leukocyte‐rich red blood cell layer at the cell/liquid interface after separation. RBC loss was directly proportional to RCO time and averaged 5.4, 10.6, 15.6, 21.2, and 26.7 ml with RCO settings of 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 seconds, respectively. A single RCO cycle removed 54.7, 66.0, 70.7, and 69.7 per cent of total leukocytes at RCO settings of 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 seconds, respectively. With double cycle processing at the same RCO times, 78.6, 88.9, 90.3, and 90.7 per cent of white blood cells were removed with loss of 12.4, 16.7, 22.4, and 25.4 per cent of RBCs respectively. Four‐cycle processing with an initial 2.5‐to‐5.5‐second RCO followed by three 1.5‐second RCO cycles removed the greatest number of leukocytes (86.9, 93.3, 93.3, and 91.7 per cent, respectively) with corresponding RBC losses of 11.9, 17.2, 20.2, and 23.1 per cent. Total leukocytes contaminating the processed RBCs averaged 0.37, 0.18, 0.18, and 0.22 × 109, respectively. The processing cycle with the 3.5‐second initial RCO provided maximal leukocyte removal and

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1978.18679077946.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sera from 113 multiply transfused patients with bleeding disorders of whom 92 (81.4 per cent) were hemophiliacs were tested for such hepatitis‐B virus (HBV) markers as HBsAg, anti‐HBs. anti‐HBc, e‐antigen and anti‐e. For comparison these marker tests were conducted on sera from 398 apparently healthy blood donors, 198 were previously known to be both HBsAg and anti‐HBs negative, 126 were anti‐HBs positive and 74 were HBsAg positive. Among patients with bleeding disorders, overt HBV infections were infrequent (2 per cent) and there was a low prevalence of HBsAg (3.5 per cent), e‐antigen (1 per cent) and anti‐e (0 per cent). However, the prevalence of anti‐HBs (63 per cent) and anti‐HBc (55 per cent) was high. Of the 71 anti‐HBs positive patients with bleeding disorders 54 (76 per cent) were also anti‐HBc positive. The sera of only four patients contained anti‐HBc alone. All but one of the patients with bleeding disorders who were anti‐HBc positive exhibited persistent responses. Anti‐HBc was detected in all the HBsAg positive blood donors and in 113 of 126 (90 per cent) of those who were anti‐HBs positive, but in none who were HBsAg and anti‐HBs negative. The highest titers of anti‐HBc, both among blood donors and patients with bleeding disorders occurred in those who were HBsAg positive. Among patients who were both anti‐HBs and anti‐HBc positive, highest anti‐HBc titers occurred in those aged 31 to 40. Anti‐e was detected in 59 per cent of HBsAg positive and 5 per cent of anti‐HBs positive b

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1978.18679077947.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Changes in ECG, free calcium (CaF), and other biochemical parameters were measured during reinfusion of citrate anticoagulated blood in 12 subjects undergoing plateletpheresis. Physical symptoms during the procedure were also monitored. The CaFwas found to correlate best with the Q‐oTc interval as compared to the Q‐oT, Q‐Tc, or Q‐T interval. While the correlation was significant (r = 0.592, p<.001), the Q‐oTc could not predict the CaF. A number of other blood constituents were found to change during plateletpheresis, with most directly related to either citrate administration or hemodilution. Severe physical symptoms were found in one subject and no symptoms in three. In the subjects without symptoms the changes in Q‐oTc, P1, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose through the plateletpheresis procedure were different from changes in all subjects. The decrease in glucose level was the most striking single factor correlating with the lack of physical symptoms during the citrate‐induced hypocalcemia associated with plateletpheresis. It is concluded that monitoring of the ECG cannot substitute for direct measurement of free calcium in citrate‐induced hypocalcemia, that the physical symptoms associated with similar levels of hypocalcemia are variable, that glucose level may be a marker for the effects of citrate‐induced hypocalcemia, and that lowered citrate loads during plateletpheresis

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1978.18679077948.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serologic investigations of the red blood cells of two patients indicated polyagglutination as the cause of compatibility problems. Lectin studies to classify the variety of polyagglutination demonstrated the simultaneous exposure of two latent membrane receptors, Tk and VA. It is proposed that different bacterial enzymes were responsible.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1978.18679077949.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Granulocytes were isolated from the buffy coat of baboon blood by counterflow centrifugation. They were frozen in polypropylene tubes in 2.0 ml volumes containing 1 × 107granulocytes. The medium consisted of 5% DMSO, 6% HES, 4% human serum albumin, and 6 mM glucose in Normosol‐R, pH 7.1. Granulocytes were cooled to 4 C for 30 minutes, then cooled at 4 C per minute to –80 C and stored for one to three weeks in liquid nitrogen at –197 C. Cooling rates of 1 C and 10 C per minute were less efficacious. Tubes were thawed manually with swirling for 130 seconds at 42 C in a water bath. The yield after thawing was 98 ± 14 per cent.Granulocytes isolated from fresh blood all fluoresced green when incubated with fluorescein diacetate (FDA). Less than one per cent of cells showed nuclear uptake of ethidium bromide (EB). After freezing and thawing, an average of 79 ± 8 per cent granulocytes fluoresced green with FDA and 21 ± 8 per cent fluoresced red with EB. About 98 ± 2 per cent of the granulocytes isolated from fresh blood exhibited a serum dependent capacity for ingestion of latex and yeast. Thawed granulocytes were diluted 1:4 dropwise with a medium containing 7% HES, 4% albumin, and 6 mM glucose in Normosol‐R, incubated with fluorescent latex or fluorescent zymosan at 37 C for 30 minutes and then washed twice. After this, 75 ± 5 per cent demonstrated serum‐dependent latex ingestion and 67 ± 8 per cent

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1978.18679077950.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The patterns and types of infection in 93 infectious episodes in 76 patients who received supportive granulocyte transfusions are presented. In this population of infected patients 86 per cent had debilitating malignancies, 88 per cent of the infectious episodes were associated with severe (60) and patients over the age of 17 with diffuse infection did not do as well. Delay in the initiation of granulocyte transfusions after a diagnosis of serious infection was a significant factor in the group which died less than four weeks after the initial WBC transfusion. Donor reactions in nylon filtration leukapheresis and problems associated with administration of nylon filter cells are presented and discuss

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1978.18679077951.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The concentration of ionized calcium (Ca++) during platelepheresis was monitored when donors received 461 ± 95 (mean ± S.D.) ml of anticoagulant acid‐citrate‐dextrose (ACD), N.I.H. formula A. Most donors experienced mild subjective symptoms (perioral tingling) during reinfusion of autologous blood. The concentration of serum Ca++ before the procedure was 4.19 ± 0.203 (mean ± S.D.) mg/dl and it decreased to 3.27 ± 0.391 (mean ± S.D.) mg/dl after the procedure. Two of the 79 donors experienced more severe symptoms (nausea, lightheadedness) while ionized calcium was lower than 3 mg/dl. Mild hypocalcemic effects could be demonstrated by electrocardiography in most donors.When donors received 414 ± 28 (mean ± S.D.) ml of ACD, N.I.H. formula B, only some of them experienced perioral tingling during reinfusion of the autologous blood. The concentration of Ca++ before the procedure was 4.18 ± 0.14 (mean ± S.D.) mg/dl and it decreased to 3.66 ± 0.14 (mean ± S.D.) mg/dl after the procedure. These data indicated that ACD N.I.H. formula B promotes greater donor comfort and safety than does ACD, formula A.The data showed that hemodilution occurred immediately following the withdrawal of one unit of blood, prior to infusion of any intravenous fluids. The analysis of the data revealed also that both magnesium and calcium entered the intravascular compartment during plateletpheresis. Although the origin of the calcium ion entering the plasma could not be established, it appeared that at least part was derived from calcium‐

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1978.18679077952.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recycling units of older blood from hospital blood banks with high outdate rates to other hospital blood banks with a high level of transfusion activity and a low outdate rate to increase the probability of utilization of the blood prior to outdating is an accepted method of inventory control. The purpose of this study was to determine with the use of a computer simulation the effects of integrating a variable number of units of ten‐day‐old blood into the inventory of a single large hospital blood bank. The analysis involved separate consideration of the recycling of 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 units of ten‐day‐old blood with one, three, and five deliveries per week into the modeled blood bank inventory. With one delivery per week and a 30 per cent outdate rate for blood ten days old or older at the hospital or hospitals from which the blood is recycled, the net saving achieved per week by recycling these variable quantities is 5, 4, 13, 17, 7, 0, –17, and –50 units; for a 50 per cent outdate rate, the net saving achieved is 11, 16, 31, 41, 43, 48, 43, and 22 units. Possible net saving of blood based on three and five deliveries per week and other outdate rates is also given. The frequency of blood delivery has no significant effect on the net saving of blood in the blood recycling plans evaluated. The implementation of an automatic blood recycling program, a practical and effective method for reducing blood outdating in a multi‐hospital regional blood system, is discus

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1978.18679077953.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Computer assistance in blood processing is necessary in large blood donor centers if errors are to be eliminated. Sample identification, recording of data, and use of the computer data file in final labeling are most important.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1978.18679077954.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A recent survey indicated that many Canadian hemophiliacs and physicians did not consider it necessary to filter cryoprecipitate prior to infusion. Experiments were performed to demonstrate that no loss of factor activity resulted from filtration of cryoprecipitate through standard blood filters. Furthermore, examination of the material retained on standard and ultrafiltration elements using scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of amorphous and fibrillar proteins that proved to be largely composed of fibrin. This was accompanied by cellular material including intact and disintegrating leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. Nonbiologic material was also discovered, including cellulose and plastic debris. This study emphasizes the need for effective filtration of cryoprecipitate.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1978.18679077955.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY