ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20480260267.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The quantity of anti‐IgG bound at equilibrium to cell‐bound anti‐D failed to increase with enzymatic modification of intact red blood cells. This contrasts with results obtained by immunoelectronmicroscopy with unsealed red blood cell ghosts. Ghosts derived from enzyme‐modified, anti‐D‐sensitized intact red blood cells show an increased ratio of anti‐IgG to anti‐D. The ratio declined with protease modification of intact cells, possibly because of steric hindrance to anti‐IgG binding within the cellular agglutinates. At comparable levels of cell‐bound anti‐D and anti‐IgG, enzyme‐modified cells were more agglutinable in the antiglobulin reaction than unmodified cells. As in saline hemagglutination, enzymatic enhancement of agglutinability appears to be unrelated to the amount of antibody bound, but rather may be related to other factors such as alterations of the biophysical properties of th

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20480260268.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The distribution of white blood cells in the packed cells remaining after removal of platelet‐rich plasma has been examined. The top 50 ml, which includes the huffy coat, was expressed in 5 aliquots of 10 ml and analyzed. With ACD, the top SO ml contained 52 per cent of the total sedimented WBC but only 33 per cent of the available polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). With CPD, the top 50 ml contained 65 per cent of the total sedimented WBC and 52 per cent of the available PMN. The PMN were relatively evenly distributed throughout the five aliquots, while the non‐PMN leukocytes were concentrated in the first three aliquots. The hematocrit of the top layer of packed cells was consistently lower for units collected in ACD than for units collected in CPD anticoagulant. Standard curves for the volume dependence of the differential and hematocrit were generated from these data. The characteristics of leukocyte concentrates routinely prepared as part of component production from the top 35 ml of the packed cells have been analyzed. Leukocyte concentrates prepared with ACD had, on the average, lower hematocrit, a lower percentage of PMN and fewer total white blood cells than leukocyte concentrates prepared from CPD‐anticoagu‐lant. Using CPD‐anticoagulant instead of ACD‐anti‐coagulant during source blood collection resulted in an increase of the mean PMN differential count of the leukocyte concentrates from 29.8 to 45.7 per cent and of the mean total number of PMN in the concentrates from 0.46 × 109to 0.74 × 109. The application of these data to component preparation and u

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20480260269.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Platelets were isolated from normal volunteers by discontinuous‐flow centrifugation using the Haemonetics Model 30 Blood Processor. The numerical equivalent of about five single units of platelets collected at each pheresis were frozen together in a −80 C mechanical freezer with a 6% final concentration of dimethylsul‐foxide (DMSO) as the cryoprotectant. Platelet freeze‐thaw‐wash recoveryin vitrowas about 80 per cent and the platelet recovery value depended upon the method used to enumerate the platelets. The51Cr survival valuesin vivowere about 50 per cent less than those in fresh platelets. These values were not significantly different from those seen when platelets were isolated from single units of blood by differential serial centrifugation. Transfusion of two and one‐half units of freeze‐preserved platelets provided an increase in the recipient's circulating platelet count comparable with that from one unit of fresh platelets. The hemostatic effectiveness of freeze‐preserved platelets isolated by discontinuous‐flow centrifugation has not

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20480260270.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Biochemical and coagulation parameters were studied in fresh whole citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose (CPD) blood, whole blood stored for four days, and blood reconstituted from four‐day‐old packed cells with fresh frozen plasma. Plasma potassium levels were significantly elevated (mean 9.5 mEq/1) in both stored whole blood and reconstituted blood. The mean factor VIII activity in stored blood was 41 per cent compared with a mean of 75 per cent in both fresh whole blood and reconstituted blood. Platelet microaggregates as measured by the Swank filtration technique were elevated in stored whole blood, but not in fresh whole blood or reconstituted blood. Both stored blood and reconstituted blood were deficient in platelets. Based onin vitrostudies, reconstituted blood, supplemented by platelet transfusions if necessary, may be a suitable alternative to fresh whole blood for exchange transfusion in the neonate. Preliminary observations are reported of exchange transfusions performed on sick infants, four receiving whole blood, and three receiving reconstituted blood. Six out of seven infants had a postexchange fall in their factor VIII level. These studies do not show any significant differences in the infants' response to exchange transfusion whether whole blood or reconstituted blood was received. No detectable evidence of adverse effects was seen in the infants receiving reconstitute

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20480260271.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Little information is available about the effect of adenine and added glucose on stored platelets. Two new formulations, CPDA‐2 and CPDA‐3, contain 34 mg adenine per 63 ml preservative and extra glucose (1.75 and 2.0 times the glucose in standard CPD). We have studied thein vitrointegrity of platelet concentrates stored in CPD, CPDA‐I, CPDA‐2, and CPDA‐3 at 22 C for 72 hours. Morphology score, pH, platelet size, population distribution parameters, and electron microscopic ultrastructure did not show any adverse effects which could be ascribed to the presence of adenine or extra glucose or both. No differences in platelet adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration or plasma glucose utilization during storage were found between CPD and CPDA‐I platelets. The results suggest that adenine and added glucose in these preservatives are not detrimental to plateletsin vitroby the measur

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20480260272.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Erythrocytes stored in the new CPD‐adenine anticoagulant (CPDA‐1) barely met the 70 per cent 24‐hour postinfusion51Cr recoveries on day 35 when stored at hematocrit ≥ 75 per cent. CPDA‐1 differs from CPD in that it has 1.25 times the glucose concentration plus 17.3 mg adenine/63 ml. In an effort to improve the survivability (or viability) of red blood cells following extended storage (35+ days), two new CPD‐adenine anticoagulants have been testedin vitro.CPDA‐2 and CPDA‐3 (both of which contain 34.6 mg/63 ml of anticoagulant or 0.50 mM adenine [final Mood concentration], and either 1.75 times or 2.0 times respectively the amount of glucose used in CPD) have been tested for whole blood or red blood cell storage to 42 days. Red blood cell ATP concentrations were better maintained throughout 42 days of storage in both of these formulations than in CPDA‐1 at hematocrits that ranged from 40 to 85. Other biochemical parameters (2,3‐DPG, pH, plasma hemoglobin) were similar to those of blood stor

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20480260273.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Platelets were prepared for freezing in liquid nitrogen by prediluting with 1 ml glycerol‐glucose freezing solution, allowing the platelet concentrate to set for ten minutes at 29 C, and then adding an additional 8 ml glycerol‐glucose freezing solution. A 3‐mm thick cardboard holder was constructed and used to hold the platelet concentrate during immersion and storage in liquid nitrogen. The mean recovery of frozen thawed platelets was 79 per cent. Electron microscopic examination of the frozen thawed platelets showed the platelets to be structurally intact.In vitrotesting showed the platelets to be funct

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20480260274.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The recent finding that hypotensive reactions to blood products can be attributed to the presence of a prekallikrein activator in the products, prompted us to measure the distribution of this substance among plasma fractions produced by the cold ethanol method. While the levels observed varied among different production lots, prekallikrein activator was found to be present in four lots of fibrinogen, four lots of immune serum globulin, one lot of immune serum globulin for intravenous use, and nine lots of antihemophilic factor. Nineteen lots of 25% albumin were tested and found to be free of detectable amounts of prekallikrein activator. In addition to 25% albumin and the fraction V rework fractions leading to it, only supernatant III from the fraction II + III reworks was found to be free of the prekallikrein activator. All other fractions contained significant amounts of activity. Chloroform treatment, used to remove kallikrein inhibitors was found to destroy the prekallikrein activator in fractions with low protein levels. The prekallikrein activator in antihemophilic factor preparations was formed during contact with glass, and its behavior led to the conclusion that these concentrates contained Hageman factor (Factor XII).

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20480260275.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A sixth example of a potent autoanti‐M is described in a nongravida, nontransfused Caucasian woman. The anti‐M was still present after a period of 12 months without any apparent ca

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20480260276.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY