摘要:

Immunization of 35 recipients with skin allografts and leukocytes obtained from genetically haplo‐indentical donors induced the formation of antibodies directed against HL‐A antigens in 25 instances. The resulting antibodies could be divided into three main categories: (i) “broad” antibodies capable of reacting equally well with at least two allelic HL‐A specificities; (ii) “narrow” antibodies which reacted with one antigenic specificity, but could be absorbed by and eluted from cells bearing another specificity, without any cytotoxic reaction (CYNAP); (iii) antibodies which may be considered monospecific in the light of current knowledge.Antisera produced in the course of thir study have resulted in the definition of four new HL‐A antigens. Two of these, Da17 (HL‐A10) and Da25, were detected by the lymphmytotoxicity method, and have a gene frequency of 0.060 and 0.053, respectively. (The other two antigens, Da18 and Da22, were detected by the platelet complement fixation technic and have a gene frequency of 0.043 and 0.040, respectively.) Further absorption and elution of the antisera permitted the isolation of at least two populations of antibodies in a number of the immunized recipients. As a result, three HL‐A speciticities were subdivided into two allelic antigens: HG‐A9 was divided into HL‐A9′ and HL‐A9” HG‐AlO was divided into HL‐AlO' and HL‐A10” and Da25 was divided into Da25′ and Da25”.Review of the antigenic relationships existing between donors and recipienta in each of the 35 families studied indicates that (i) the occurrence of cross‐reacting antigens in donor and recipient is usually not associated with the production of antibodia (i.c, it constitutes a situation of nonimmunogenicity) and (ii) antibodies capable of reacting with one or several specificities, absent in the donor and in the recipient but which crossreact with the immunizing antigen, may occur with relative frequency. One other recipient developed three defferent antibody populations. Two of these antibodies were “broad” antibodies, capable of reacting with two allelic specificities. This observation supports the concept that the same munizing cell may bear several determinants, each of which may share a common structure with other defic products of the same locus. These data have been discuesed on the basis of two not mutually exclusive hypotheses: (i) complex antibodies capable of reacting with different allelic determinants and (ii) com

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1971.tb04409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1971.tb04410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eight sets of unrelated HL‐A identical individuals and five pairs of parent‐child HL‐A identical persons were tested for response in oneway MLC. Among 52 unrelated HL‐A identical combinations, approximately 65 per cent of the one‐way combinations and 90 per cent of the reciprocal combinations resulted in significant stimulation. Simultaneous serotyping with 200 highly selected and unclassified antisera revealed that these individuals were not actually HL‐A identical. Two types of discrepant reactions were observed: (i) attributable to new antigens possibly of a third HL‐A segregant series and (ii) attributable to the ‘variants’ of certain well‐defined HL‐A groups,e.g., HL‐A2. Though the conclusion is that compatible unrelated donors will be more difficult to find than previously estimated, progress toward this goal is indicated by the present findings that a third of the unrelated combinations selected by phenotyping for 27 antigens were nonstimulatory by

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1971.tb04411.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Full unit autotransfusions of long stored ACD blood, incubated with adenine and inosine at 37 C., were given to healthy young male volunteers. Red cells of blood stored for 35 days showed, after regeneration, a significant increase in ATP and a 24‐hour posttransfusion survival of 78.8 per cent (70.9–85.9%); red cells of blood stored for 42 days, thus regenerated, showed a similar increase in ATP and a 24‐hour posttransfusion survival of 75.6 per cent (71.5–80.6%). These results were not significantly different from those obtained with 10‐ml token autotransfusions of blood similarly treated, the posttransfusion survival of red cells in token transfusions being 78.8 per cent for blood stored 35 days prior to regeneration with adenineinosine and 74 per cent for blood stored for 42 days prior to regeneration. Available data on toxicity of adenine and inosine have been critically reviewed: Chance of direct toxic effects with the small amounts involved may be dismissed when few transfusions are involved; however, uric acid overload must be considered when multiple transfusions are required within a short period of time. A single washing with saline‐glucose solution reduces by 90 per cent the concentration of un‐metabolized adenine and inosine, and of the product of their metabolism, hypoxanthine. The washing procedure involves a loss of only 0.55 per cent of the total red blood cell population; washing additionally reduces the amount of free hemoglobin. Washing has no effect on the ATP or red blood cell viability, and is recommended when multiple transfusions of cells treated with adenine and inosine are required in a short p

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1971.tb04412.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The release of endogenous serotonin (5HT) from the platelets of normal human subjects was studied using adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thrombin, and connective tissue (CT) as aggregating agents. Clot retraction was found to release from 60 to 100 per cent of available platelet 5HT. Of the aggregating agents studied, only connective tissue was accompanied by the release of endogenous SHT in all subjects. Low concentrations of ADP gave no release, and high concentrations of ADP as well as thrombin‐induced aggregation gave release in the minority of subjects.The pattern of release of endogenous 5HT in response to aggregating agents was found to differ from results of studies reported by others 18, 19 using exogenous radioactive 5H

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1971.tb04413.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human and simian red blood cells were tested for125I anti‐D binding at equilibrium and for their ability to adsorb125I anti‐D. On the basis of the equilibrium quantity of red blood cell‐bound anti‐D at different ionic strengths, the rate of binding of anti‐D, and adsorption studies, evidence has been obtained that D‐antigenic specificities occur on the erythrocytes of orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), chimpanzees (Pan troglocytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla). Gorillas, like chimpanzees, appear to be polymorphic with respect to the presence of D‐components on their erythrocytes. Individual animals have been found whose red blood cells take up very little anti‐D and are similar to human D‐negative cells. The quantity of anti‐D bound at equilibrium, as a fraction of that bound to human D‐positive red blood cells was: for gorillas 0.6 to 4.0; for chimpanzees 0.08 to 0.51; for orangutans 0.06 to 0.09, and for human Dured blood cells 0.04. At low ionic strength there was almost a twofold increase in anti‐D binding. At low ionic strength, the adsorbing capacities of these erythrocytes, as compared to a human D‐positive cell, were: orangutans 10 to 20 per cent; chimpanzees about 50 per cent; human Du86 per cent; and gorillas 97 per cent. Evidence is presented to indicate that the discrepancy between adsorbing capacity and the binding of anti‐D at equilibrium, for Duand simian erythrocytes, is due to absence of some of the D‐antigenic components found on hum

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1971.tb04414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bovine serum albumin is used as a diluent component in the radio‐immune assay for the determination of the Anti‐Rho(D) content of Rho(D) Immune Globulin preparations. The radio‐immune assay appears to be more sensitive than other serological assays in the response to differences among albumin preparations; lack of duplication of data and results due to nonspecific binding of immunoglobulin may be pronounced. The effects of bovine and human serum albumin from two commercial sources each were studied. Differences were demonstrated by ultracentrifugal analysis, electrophoresis and serological methods. In addition to monomers and polymers of albumin which are common to both preparations one contained other components. Data presented clearly demonstrate that the choice of albumin preparation is especially critical if the single dilution assay is employed as opposed to the multiple dilution

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1971.tb04415.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The serum of a Wr(a+) woman has been found to contain an antibody reacting with an antigen of very high incidence. Preliminary tests on the strength of the Wraantigen on the cells of the antibody former and the variation of reactions of the antibody with the cells of nonrelated Wr(a+) and Wr(a‐) individuals suggest that the antibody may be detecting the antithetical antigen to Wr

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1971.tb04416.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The routine use of frozen blood in a community hospital is economically feasible even with only 40 per cent utilization of platelet concentrates and 100 per cent utilization of cryoprecipitate and Factor VIII‐poor plasma. The medical advantages far outweigh the minimal added costs. Large hospitals with active blood banks should investigate the possibility of using frozen blood routinely. The fear of and the resistance to adopting newer procedures which may be technically more difficult must be overcome before the widespread use of frozen blood becomes a reality. From the economic standpoint, it already i

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1971.tb04417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The finding of an acquired B antigen, together with polyagglutination, in an elderly man led to studies indicating adsorption of bacterial material as the likely cause of both of these red blood cell anomalies. The various causes of polyagglutination are discussed. Based upon the differential characteristics of each type, a classification of polyagglutination is proposed.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1971.tb04418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY