ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00072.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human blood was stored in ACD solution (add citrate dextrose) for up to eight weeks at 4 C. or up to 72 hours at 37 C. The changes in the blood nucleotides were followed serially by fractionation on Dowex‐1‐formate resin. The breakdown of ATP in aging blood followed the pattern, ATP→ ADP→ AMP→ IMP→ hypoxanthine, causing a steady decrease in ATP concentration and a continuing rise in hypoxanthine concentration with a transient rise and fall in the intermediate nucleotides. The reactions were roughly similar at both temperatures but required eight weeks at 4C. as against only three days at 37 C. The changes in the nucleotide pattern of stored blood are so characteristic that they may be used to date stored blood or to compare different methods of storage. The exact correlation between the nucleotide pattern of stored blood and red cell survival is not known, but it generally is accepted that both are related to the length of time and storage conditio

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00073.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of various glycolytic inhibitors on the relatively stable nucleotide pattern of freshly drawn heparinized human blood, incubated for two hours at 37 C. was observed. Fluoride, iodoacetate, arsenate, or 2‐deoxyglucose caused a similar high‐energy nucleotide breakdown as observed on hemolysis, viz., rapid disappearance of ATP, GTP, ADP, with simultaneous increase in AMP and IMP. The maintenance of a normal blood nucleotide patternin vitrothus depended on cellular integrity and a source of energy. The addition of compounds believed to enhance or inhibit the pentose shunt pathway had no effect on the blood nucleotide pattern. This is interpreted to mean that under essentiallyin vivoconditions, the major source of energy for the red cell is derived from the Embden‐Meyerhof

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00074.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A preliminary report of the results so far describe briefly the recovery of the serum hepatitis virus from five human volunteers who acquired serum hepatitis after inoculation with prototype B SH virus and from one patient acutely ill with (presumably transfusion caused) serum hepatitis, as well as the recovery of IH virus from two patients acutely ill with infectious hepatitis. In all instances the SH and IH viruses have been passaged six to 13 times in stable lung cell tissue culture with a different but characteristic cytopathologic effect for the SH and IH viruses. Titration of the SH viruses showed that the TCID50, per ml. ranged from 10‐4.5to 10‐6.0per ml. and the IH from 10‐5.5to 10‐6.6. Neutralizing antibodies against two SH viruses were produced in rabbits and against one IH virus in the guinea pig. A definite serological relationship has been established by neutralization tests between the virus from one of the SH volunteers and the virus from the patient with SH; between the two IH viruses; and between the SH and the IH viruses. The identity of the SH virus isolate from one of the volunteers was demonstrated by the production of neutralizing antibodies in a rabbit inoculated with NIH plasma pool #6, although attempts to grow virus from the plasma pool failed. The SH viruses are not inactivated by heating at 60 C. for four to six hours, the IH viruses are. SH virus killed mice and was recovered in tissue culture from their livers. IH virus did not infect mice. Both viruses have been grown also in trypsinized rabbit, guinea pig and hamster kidney tissue cultures and in human embryonic tissue cultures. Neither virus will grow in monkey kidney, ruling out most other enteric and adenoviruses of human origin. Further reports will be made as the studies c

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00075.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00076.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The theory of magnetoelectrophoresis of erythrocytes is described and a system of red cell separation from plasma is presented in detail. The apparatus has been designed and built and tested to demonstrate its effectiveness. The steps necessary to make this process applicable to the routine donor room are described.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00077.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lists are given of all the plants tested in the authors' laboratory for hemagglutinating activity. The plants, arranged alphabetically by their scientific names, are grouped into three tables: (1) plants found to contain blood group specific lectins, (2) plants which gave negative or nonspecific extracts, and (3) plants which yielded hemolytic extracts.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00078.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two hypotheses have been developed as partial explanations of the protective mechanisms involved in Rh hemolytic disease. The first is based on the observations of Levine and others that Rh erythroblastosis is less likely to arise when the ABO blood group of the mother is serologically incompatible with that of the fetus. According to this theory, fetal blood cells are rapidly destroyed by maternal iso‐antibodies and removed from her circulation before the sensitization has sufficient time to develop. The second, due to Owen, is based on the phenomenon of actively acquired tolerance. This theory asserts that maternal blood cells may enter the fetal blood stream during the critical period in which the organism “learns” to recognize its tissues as its own. Thus, an Rh negative fetus transfusedin uterowith Rh positive cells might be expected to be tolerant of further exposures to the Rh antigen in adult life. Owen's data, based upon sensitization of the Rh negative mother show a distinct correlation with the Rh type of her mother. The available evidence is not sufficient to exclude one of the two hypotheses, and it is possible that both operate. The data for fetal‐maternal transfer of blood cells is far more conclusive than that for passage in the other direction. Definitive proof of tolerance to Rh antigens, however, requires furthe

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00079.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The incidence of the blood group antigen Miaamong Caucasians of Western New York was found to be one in 715; among Negroes one in about 305.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY