ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02899.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A serum (J.D.) obtained from a donor of type Rh1Rh1(CCDee) was determined by the usual studies to be anti‐hr‘(c). It was eventually found, however, to give no reaction with an occasional blood sample which was hr’‐positive with all other typing serums. Cells of the latter phenotype (J.D.‐negative, hr‘‐positive) show a weakened expression of both hr’ and hr(f). The characteristic is inherited, is expressed in the heterozygote, and has not yet been found in the homozygous form. The J.D. serum has been designated as anti‐Rh26, hence the Rh phenotype identified by it is Rh: w4, w6“, ‐26. Most hr‘‐positive red blood cells also possess Rh26. One donor possessing Rh26 but

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02900.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The methods of quantitating the agglutination of red cells have been extended to provide information on the pattern of aggregates formed During the process. A B‐anti‐B system has been studied to illustrate the determination of the size spectrum, the mean cell content and the percentage of two‐cell forms of aggregates. Such data have been used to provide a more complete description of the second stage of red cell agglutination and have been applied to the investigation of the stable state of agglutination resulting from both the aggregation and disaggregation methods of prepar

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02901.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sera from 172 patients who had received an average of 34 transfusions per patient were assayed for platelet antibodies using a complement fixation technic. Fifteen patients formed a total of 31 antibodies. Eighteen of these were identified as reacting with six specific platelet antigens which were present in from 3 to 49 per cent of the general population. The antigens are common to leukocytes, but not erythrocytes, and are genetically determined. No antibodies were found in serum from 55 non‐transfused persons. The probability of antibody formation increased with repeated antigen exposure. Stored whole blood was at least as effective as platelet concentrates in provoking antibodies. There was a significant relationship between the presence of complement fixing platelet antibodies and the occurrence of “fever‐chill” transfusion reactions. In three patients it was possible to correlate the efficacy of platelet transfusion therapy with the antigen content of infused pl

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02902.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Six protein bands designated 1 through 6 from anode to cathode were demonstrated by agar‐gel electrophoresis of a concentrated solution of bromelin atpH 8.6 andpH 5.5. The proteolytic activity corresponded to the two most cathodal migrating bands, 5 and 6. This was the same area where sensitized erythrocyte agglutinating factor (SEAF) was located. SEAF was demonstrated only in electrophoretograms atpH 5.5 and proteolytic activity was most active at thispH. Acid phosphatase was found to be present in bands 1, 2, and 3, amylase at the point of application, peroxidase at bands 2 and 5, with an additional band lying between the point of origin and band 3. Esterase activity was present in bands 1 and 2, and PAS positive material was present in bands 4 and 5 and in a zone between the origin and band 3.From these studies it appeared that the proteolytic activity and SEAF traveled in the same portion of the electrophoretogram. Esterase, amylase and acid phosphatase activity were apparently unrelated to SEAF. Peroxidase activity and PAS positive material each were present in one of three active zones which coincided with the serologically active portion of electrophoretically separated bromeli

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02903.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Various sialic acids have been found to inhibit a number of hemagglutinating sera and lectins atpH 7. The observations indicate that N‐acetyl neuraminic add may be a functional constituent of the M, N, and D receptors. It is suggested that many, perhaps most, of the different erythrocyte receptors are interrelated structurally. Isolated blood group substances from human erythrocytes should be considered and tested in terms of the complete phenotype of the cells from which they are extracted. Thus, attempts to isolate “pure” specific A, B, M, N, D, etc., antigens from erythrocytes may be based on an unrealistically idealized and simplified picture of the detailed structure of the red cell su

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02904.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A special survey of 20,826 random blood donor specimens collected in Ontario, Canada yielded one A3blood while a review of blood grouping worksheets of 158,000 individuals in this area also yielded one A3blood. These frequencies are much lower than the frequency found in Denmark around 1940 by Gammelgaard, 44 per 105, perhaps due to the present availability of high titer immune anti‐A. Elution studies on these two A3bloods show that both the agglutination‐positive and the agglutination‐negative cells absorb anti‐A, indicating that A3is not always an A2+ O mixture as has been suggested. Fluorescent antibody studies revealed a marked cell‐to‐cell variability in fluorescence and, therefore, presumably, cell A antigen content. This finding confirms Gammelgaard's earlier report. This variability, together with a threshold value of A antigen required for agglutination, could explain the characteristic appearance of A3: agglutinates and

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02905.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The “High Protein Tube” (HPT) technic converted to an antiglobulin (Coombs) test has proponents as a crossmatch procedure. Data are presented to indicate its suitability and its superiority over the conventional saline‐antiglobulin method. Tests employing 30 per cent and 22 per cent bovine albumin were performed in two stages to determine which of two final protein concentrations were optimal. Saline and 30 per cent albumin tests were performed in three stages with subsequent evaluations of each stage. Analysis was also made of the three stages as an integral procedure.A study of 453 antibodies yielded the following observations. A final protein concentration of 17 per cent was more efficacious than a final protein concentration of 12 per cent for demonstrating antibodies by the high protein tube test. The inclusion of albumin in the indirect antiglobulin test not only strengthened or enhanced the reactions but also revealed antibodies not previously demonstrable by the saline‐antiglobul

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02906.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Plasmapheresis has become a routine form of blood donation and is now an important source of plasma procurement. Procedures and equipment for plasmapheresis may differ but the basic act of bleeding the donor and safely returning the packed red cells remains the same. Care must be taken to avoid exposure of the donor to the risks of blood transfusion and to the iron depletion hazard of blood withdrawal. The donor should meet standard donor requirements, have a normal serum protein level and be able to maintain good nutrition. Plasma withdrawals of 1,000 ml. weekly are feasible but serum protein levels must be determined often enough to detect depletion. A careful system of blood and donor identification must be used and it is well to avoid handling potentially incompatible bloods simultaneously. The packed red cells should be returned to the donor within the shortest possible time after donation to avoid the risks of blood storage especially misidentifica‐tion, bacterial proliferation, and shortened survival of the red cell

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02907.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02909.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY