ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28488265250.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28488265251.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1988.tb04130.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

From March 1985 through July 1986, blood donors who were positive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were evaluated at three major blood centers in the United States. Of 818,629 donations, 450 (0.05%) were HIV antibody‐positive. The seroprevalence decreased from 0.07 to 0.04 percent during the study period, due perhaps to a decline in repeat donors. HIV‐seropositive donors tended to be 20 to 29 years old (52%) and male (88%). HIV seroprevalence among white donors (2/10,000 donations) was less than that among Hispanic (9/10,000; p<0.0001) and black donors (31/10,000; p<0.0001). Of 152 seropositive men interviewed, 77 percent reported sexual contact with men; of this latter group, 53 percent were bisexual. Fifteen (44%) of 34 seropositive women had apparently acquired infection from heterosexual contact, and an equal number denied having any known risk factors for HIV infection. Educational efforts must address women and bisexual men who do not perceive themselves to be at risk for HIV infection and should be specifically designed for the mores of different racial and ethnic gro

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28488265252.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Published reports have confirmed the superior sensitivity of the manual hexadimethrine bromide (Polybrene) test (MPT) for demonstrating many alloantibodies in vitro; however, the clinical significance of alloantibodies demonstrable exclusively by MPT has not been shown conclusively. A patient with macroglobulinemia experienced chills, fever, hemoglobinemia, and hemoglobinuria following the transfusion of 1 unit of red cells (RBCs) shown to be compatible by the low‐ionic‐strength antiglobulin (LIS‐AG) method. Serologic investigation was negative. Intravascular hemolysis occurred with a second “compatible” unit. Serologic studies were again negative by LIS‐AG and ficin‐AG methods, but revealed anti‐Jkaby MPT. Both donors were Jk(a+b−), and51Cr studies of the second donor's RBCs revealed a t½ of<30 minutes, with marked intravascular hemolysis. A LIS‐AG‐compatible Jk(a−) unit was transfused uneventfully, but with no rise in hematocrit. MPT next revealed anti‐C; subsequent51Cr studies with the Jk(a−), Cc donor's RBCs showed a51Cr t½ of 100 minutes with slight intravascular lysis. Four transfusions of Jk(a−), C− blood were uneventful, but 5 days later the patient's hemoglobin declined. The following day, anti‐E was demonstrable exclusively by MPT.51Cr‐labeled Jk(a−), C−, E− RBCs had normal 24‐hour survival. The patient's hemoglobin rose to 11 g per dl following transfusions of Jk(a−), C−, E− RBCs, and he was discharged. In vitro studies employing the patient's purified IgM paraprotein revealed no

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28488265253.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1988.tb04133.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Plasma exchange donation accomplishes the selective donation of cryoprecipitate. It facilitates the repeated donation of large quantities of factor VIII by individual donors and reduces donor exposure for recipients. A highly motivated donor is described who has undergone 103 donations between May 1983 and March 1987, producing 359,460 IU of factor VIII and supplying all the factor VIII needed since August 1983 by his severely affected hemophiliac son, now age 14. The donor has remained in good health, and no significant abnormalities have been noted in hematologic, biochemical, immunologic, coagulation, and serum protein testing. Extensive experience with this donor suggests that repeated plasma‐exchange donation is safe and can sometimes allow single‐donor support of severe hemophili

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28488265254.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study of the efficacy and safety of intranasal 1‐deamino‐8‐D‐arginine vasopressin (DDAVP; 300 μg) in normal blood donors was carried out in a double‐blind, controlled, comparative study. In addition, the effect of heparin or citrate anticoagulation of blood on the recovery of factor VIII (FVIII) in plasma, cryoprecipitate, and a FVIII concentrate was assessed. Citrated plasma from placebo (CP) or DDAVP‐treated donors (CD) contained 1103 ± 73 and 1470 ± 141 units per liter of FVIII, respectively (p<0.01), whereas the heparinized plasma from placebo (HP) or DDAVP‐treated donors (HD) contained 1328 ± 130 (p<0.01) and 2023 ± 358 units per liter (p<0.01), respectively. The FVIII could be recovered in both cryoprecipitate and cold‐reprecipitated cryoprecipitate (CRC) fractions. DDAVP treatment improved FVIII recovery by 41 percent in the concentrate from citrated plasma (p<0.01) and by 127 percent in that from heparinized plasma (p<0.01). The specific activity of concentrates from the CP, CD, HP, and HD groups was 0.95 ± 0.1, 1.4 ± 0.1 (p<0.01), 0.9 ± 0.1, and 1.47 ± 0.2 U per mg of protein (p<0.01), respectively. The stability of the final product was the same, regardless of the method of treatment or collection. The side effects of intranasal treatment were mild and transient and occurred with similar frequency in both placebo and DDAVP treatment groups. The results demonstrate that the stimulation of donors with DDAVP and the use of heparin anticoagulant provide a safe and effective means of achieving significant increases of FVIII

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28488265255.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A frequent legal argument raised in defense of men accused of paternity, but not excluded by genetic tests, is that the probabilities of paternity of falsely accused men are similar to those of biologic fathers. This assertion was tested in a computer simulation experiment that used a database of 15,000 actual paternity cases to provide red cell and HLA phenotypes of mothers, children, and putative fathers. Tests had a combined probability of exclusion of 97.3 percent. Equal numbers of true and false fathers were generated from the data by computer to achieve a prior probability of paternity of 0.5. True fathers' phenotypes were those of unexcluded men from actual cases (Group A) or of mothers from actual cases (Group B) in which paternity was not excluded. The false father group was created by assigning the phenotypes of racially identical men who were selected at random from among cases other than their own. Probabilities of paternity were calculated for the men in each group and were classified into descriptive intervals. The frequency of men in each group was compared in each interval. The frequency distributions of probabilities of paternity for true fathers and unexcluded, falsely accused men (false fathers) were markedly dissimilar.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28488265256.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Successful middle ear surgery requires the availability of a safe, effective bonding material. Side effects caused by synthetic materials have led to the use of biologic adhesives; however, they carry the risk of transmission of infectious disease if they are prepared from pooled human blood. A procedure for the production of an autologous fibrinogen‐based adhesive using polyethylene glycol to precipitate the fibrinogen‐factor XIII component from plasma is described. This procedure requires 40 ml of whole blood and approximately 3 hours' preparation time, and it can be performed in any blood bank with the facilities for sterile techniques. This adhesive has been used successfully for otologic surgery in 12 patients, and further study of the use of this biologic adhesive for other microsurgical techniques should be underta

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28488265257.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY