ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17578014575.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Blood centrifugation, with a continuous‐flow or semicontinuous‐flow system, was used in the treatment of 17 patients with various hematologic disorders. Total plasma exchange (TPE) controlled symptoms of hyperviscosity and arrested bleeding in three patients. In two patients, TPE made it possible to perform urgent surgical procedures. It was a very valuable adjuvant in the treatment of the one patient with a Factor VIII inhibitor. Eosinapheresis was not of significant value in the therapy of syndromes associated with eosinophilia. Lymphapheresis significantly reduced peripheral lymphocytosis, aiding in the chemotherapeutic control of chronic lymphosarcoma cell leukemia in one patient. It was of questionable value in the maintenance therapy of two patients with Sézary syndrome. Plateletapheresis significantly reduced peripheral platelet count in thrombocytosis, making it possible to minimize the chemotherapeutic dose and permitting urgent surgical procedures in two pati

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17578014576.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cells glycerolized in a low salt medium (Huggins) and deglycerolized by agglomeration were compared to cells glycerolized in a high salt medium (ARC) and deglycerolized by a centrifugal procedure. Both agglomeration and centrifugal deglycerolization produce entirely acceptable products. The average total recovery by agglomeration is somewhat less (86 per cent) than by the centrifugal method (93 per cent). The osmolalities and hemoglobin concentrations are comparable. Cells glycerolized in a high salt preparation are very stable while unfrozen and are relatively unaffected by failures of refrigeration and can be refrozen. Cells glycerolized in low salt media may increase in volume with time and are variable in their stability to unfrozen storage and to refreezing. Sickle trait cells do not agglomerate satisfactorily and cannot be deglycerolized by agglomeration but can be deglycerolized by a modification of the centrifugal method. Container surfaces can adversely influence the freeze‐thaw hemolysis of high salt cells but appear to have no effect on the low salt preparation. Although cells glycerolized in high salt medium cannot be deglycerolized by agglomeration, the converse is possible. The standard 8.6M low salt glycerolizing solution did not permit optimal recovery by centrifugal wash. When cells were glycerolized in a Huggins low‐salt formula modified to contain 6.2M glycerol in 400 ml of solution, the frozen‐thawed cells could be deglycerolized by either agglomeration or centrifugation with good rec

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17578014577.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Quality control in the blood bank has traditionally been concentrated in the areas of reagents, equipment, and components. We have found that it can be extended to the measurement of error rate, accuracy, and reproducibility as well. We propose the use of a “correction rate” as a correlate of actual error rate, since numbers of errors in final ABO interpretations are infrequent and difficult to accumulate. We have measured accuracy as the frequency of false positive and false negative results, using weakly active antibodies both in the test situation and in actual practice. Finally, reproducibility can be measured with a series of coded duplicate samples covering the range of immunohematologic reactivity. By using these methods, a laboratory can regularly measure error rate, accuracy, and reproducibility as part of its quality control prog

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17578014578.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The characteristics of previously frozen red blood cells, prepared in a large‐scale frozen blood program using the Red Cross method were evaluated. The use of the method as originally described resulted in approximately 91 per cent freeze‐thaw‐wash recovery of red blood cells. When the glycerolization step was modified by adding the partially glycerolized erythrocytes into 300 ml of 6.2M glycerol, freeze‐thaw‐wash recoveries were decreased. However, gradient addition of glycerol to the red blood cells without the use of stylet, resulted in acceptablein vitrorecoveries. Thawing frozen units in waterbath, to which no antiseptic was added, could introduce bacteria into units of previously frozen red blood cells. Therefore, it seems advisable to use dry heat thawing procedures. Previously frozen red blood cells prepared in the large scale maintained normal levels of ATP and 2,3 DPG. Therapeutic transfusions had acceptable 24‐hour surv

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17578014579.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although the high (40 to 50 per cent) glycerol method of freezing red blood cells has many advantages, no feasible procedure for deglycerolizing with only a clinical centrifuge has been available. Thus this method has been restricted to blood centers that distribute a sufficient number of frozen cells to warrant the installation of automated cell washing equipment. However, by sedimenting the glycerolized cells prior to freezing and discarding the excess glycerol solution, postthaw deglycerolizing can be simplified to consist of an initial double dilution with hypertonic NaCl and isotonic saline‐glucose followed by two cycles of sedimentation and resuspension in isotonic saline‐glucose. The method is applicable to units frozen either at ‐80 C or in liquid nitrogen vapor. Units frozen in this way can also be deglycerolized in commercial automated cell washers using suitably modified prot

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17578014580.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The role of formaldehyde (CH2O) in the pathogenesis of anti‐N‐like antibodies found in patients on chronic hemodialysis was investigated.In vitrostudies were performed by incubating MM cells in varying concentrations of CH2O for variable time periods, corresponding to conditions that occur in dialysis. These MM cells acquired reactivity to anti‐N antibody. The antigenic shift is felt to occur from the interaction of CH2O) with the terminal N‐acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) groups of M substance, resulting in the exposure of an altered‐N antigen that is immunogenically active. Through a similar mechanism, CH2O may also directly modify N

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17578014581.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Free ATP and DPG concentrations in ACD‐preserved human erythrocytes (rbc) were estimated by measuring these organic phosphates in ultrafiltrates of cell lysates prepared at 0 to 2 C. The free ATP concentration in hypotonic hemolysates decreased from 0.59 to 0.08 μmol/ml rbc during four weeks of cold storage. In French Pressure Cell lysates, free ATP increased from 0.23 to 0.47 μmol/ml rbc in the first week and then declined to 0.12 μmol/rbc during the following three weeks. In two weeks, the free DPG level decreased from 0.64 to 0.41 μmol/ml rbc in hypotonic lysates and from 1.08 to 0.15 μmol/ml rbc in French Pressure Cell lysates. It is proposed that, as total DPG concentration decreases during cold storage, free ATP concentration also decreases due to increased ATP binding to hemoglobin sites vacated by DPG. It is suggested that it is the change in the free rather than the total ATP which may be more relevant to the metabolism of the cold‐stored ery

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17578014582.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A knowledge of the growth rates of various organisms at the storage temperature of 4 C in the different suspending media used for red blood cells would aid the extension of the thawed storage time of frozen‐reconstituted blood beyond the 24 hours allowed by the Food and Drug Administration. Knowing these rates, a prediction could be made that the growth rate would be sufficiently slow and the unit (sterile or minimally contaminated) could be given safely after a longer storage period. The studies reported show that the pathogenic organismsS. aureus, Ps. aeruginosa, E. coli, Klebsiella sp.andEnterobacter sp.grow at such a slow rate at 4 C that they do not represent any great hazard to the recipient unless introduced in great numbers. The studies further show that in the process of washing frozen blood the number of organisms is reduced by between one and two orders of magnitude (base 10). Therefore, extension of frozen red blood cell storage life to at least 72 hours should be considere

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17578014583.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The transfusion of leukocyte‐containing blood products can lead to the production of antibodies to antigens on the surface of leukocytes. Such antibodies can be detected by a variety of techniques including assays for lymphocytotoxicity, granulocytotoxicity, and leukoag‐glutination. In order to evaluate the effect of preformed anti‐leukocyte antibodies during granulocyte transfusion therapy, recipient beagles were sensitized to donor foxhound antigens. After being made granulocytopenic with cyclophosphamide, these animals were transfused with a set dose of granulocytes collected by continuous flow centrifugation. When compared to the results of similar transfusions to nonsensitized recipients, granulocyte transfusions to animals with preformed anti‐leukocyte antibodies resulted in lower one‐hour posttransfusion leukocyte increments (p<.04) and in less migration of neutrophils through a skin abrasion into a chamber containing a strong chemoattractant, autologous serum (p<.0001). Also, profound thrombocytopenia was found in sensitized animals, but not in nonsensitized recipients, one hour after the granulocyte tr

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17578014584.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY