ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1991.31291142958.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1991.31291142959.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The inactivation of viruses added to whole blood and a red cell concentrate with aluminum phthalocyanine and its sulfonated derivatives was studied. A cell‐free form of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), used as a model, was completely inactivated (greater than 10(4) infectious units; TCID50) on treatment of whole blood with 10 microM (10 mumol/L) aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AIPs) and visible light dosage of 88 to 176 J per cm2. At 44 J per cm2, complete VSV inactivation was achieved on raising the concentration of AIPc to 25 microM (25 mumol/L). Results at least as good were achieved on similar treatment of a red cell concentrate. Also inactivated were a cell‐associated form of VSV and both cell‐free and cell‐associated forms of human immunodeficiency virus; encephalomyocarditis virus, used as a model for non‐lipid‐enveloped viruses, was not inactivated by this procedure. This inactivation of cell‐free VSV suggests that a similar degree of inactivation could be achieved with a lower concentration of the sulfonated forms of aluminum phthalocyanine. Throughout the above studies, red cell integrity was well maintained, as judged by the absence of hemoglobin release (less than or equal to 2%) during the course of treatment or on subsequent storage. Red cell osmotic fragility was decreased on treatment of whole blood with AIPc. This study indicates that AIPc may be a promising method for the inactivation of viruses in cellular b

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1991.31291142938.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1991.tb03219.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Blood samples from 2000 accepted blood donors and 343 deferred donors with antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) and/or an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation were evaluated for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV). Sixteen (0.8%) of the 2000 sera initially reacted on enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); 12 (0.6%) were repeatably reactive. One repeatably reactive sample had an elevated ALT; two reacted on anti‐HBc testing and had ALT elevations. When the repeatably reactive ELISA samples were tested by an immunoblot assay, four reacted, three were indeterminate, and five did not react. Among the 343 deferred donors, HCV antibodies were detected in 8 (3.8%) of 210 anti‐HBc‐reactive samples, 12 (11.8%) of 104 elevated‐ALT samples, and 15 (52%) of 29 combined elevated‐ALT and anti‐HBc‐reactive samples; 25 of 28 reacted on immunoblot. The anti‐HBc‐reactive sera were subdivided into groups according to strength of anti‐HBc reactivity (weak or strong) and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen status and then were compared for anti‐HCV reactivity rates. The group of samples showing the greatest frequency of anti‐HCV had strong anti‐HBc reactivity. For blood donors, the anti‐HCV test correlates with the surrogate tests for non‐A, non‐B hepatitis (anti‐HBc and ALT); however, most anti‐HCV‐reactive units remain undetected by surrogate tests, so that implementation of anti‐HCV screening should further r

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1991.31291142939.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To determine the effect of transfusion on the incidence of postoperative infection, a retrospective cohort study of 196 patients who underwent surgery for gastric carcinoma in the period from 1985 through 1989 was carried out. Seventy‐one patients (36.2%) developed postoperative septic complications; they had received an average of 4.2 blood units, as compared with 2.7 units received by patients not affected (p<0.0053). The hypothesis of dose‐response relationship is supported by the Mantel‐Haenszel test, as applied to the overall results (p<0.01) and the results grouped by duration of operation (p<0.02). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis shows transfusion to be an independent risk factor in the incidence of infection (p<0.01), as are antibiotic prophylaxis (p<0.015), urinary tract catheterization (p<0.002), and the duration of surgery (p<0.027). This significance is attained after adjustment for age, gender, period of evolution of symptoms; preoperative infection(s), number of white cells, hemoglobin level and total proteins on diagnosis, location of tumor, tumor, nodes, and metastasis staging, operative technique, drainage of the area of operation, enteral nutrition, and the histologic studies and macroscopic appearance of the tumor. This study is further evidence that transfusion may cause an increased incidence of postoperative infe

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1991.31291142940.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1991.tb03222.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Autologous blood donors (ABDs) have been reported to have favorable attitudes toward returning as homologous blood donors (HBDs), but the frequency of return has not been well documented. ABDs eligible by history to be HBDs were followed at one blood center: 255 donating for elective surgery and 234 donating during pregnancy were followed for an average of 18 months and 20 months, respectively, from time of eligibility after surgery or postpartum. Male ABDs had a higher rate of return as HBDs, as 34 percent (21/62) returned to donate an average of 3 units, whereas 13 percent (56/427) of female ABDs returned as HBDs to donate an average of 2 units. Although a history of donation was associated with a higher rate of return (30%, 34/113), 11 percent (43/376) of ABDs with no history as HBDs returned to donate homologous units, despite having been recruited less frequently than prior HBDs. Overall, all male ABDs and female ABDs with an HBD history returned most frequently. The extra effort required for an autologous donor program may result in the recruitment of new donors into the HBD pool.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1991.31291142941.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A prospective phase II trial was conducted to assess the feasibility, tolerance, and efficacy of a device designed for selective removal of rheumatoid factor from the plasma of rheumatoid arthritis patients. The device contained terpolymer hydrogel‐coated plates with chemically attached, aggregated human immunoglobulin G, and it operated as an immunoaffinity column. Sixty‐one patients aged 25 to 73 underwent weekly plasmapheresis treatments (the primary therapy phase). During the trial, patients continued current rheumatoid arthritis medications without dose adjustments. All patients received two to six treatments (primary therapy). Responding patients were eligible to continue apheresis treatment every 2 to 6 weeks (maintenance therapy). No serious, untoward side effects were noted in the course of this study; of 640 treatments, only 2 (in different patients) were aborted, one because of complaints of dizziness and angioedema and the other because of chest tightness and shortness of breath. Except for a significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum iron, no significant changes in complete blood count, serum electrolytes, renal and hepatic function tests, or serum C3 and C4 were noted. Although the trial was not designed to determine clinical efficacy, patients noted less morning stiffness, longer time to onset of fatigue, and improved global pain assessment (p<0.004); significant objective improvements were noted in joint pain, tenderness, swelling, and the number of affected joints (p<0.001). One‐half of the treated patients had at least a 50 percent improvement in objective measures of antirheumatic activity. Although serum rheumatoid factor could be recovered in vitro in large quantities, no correlation was noted between changes in serum rheumatoid factor concentration and clinical response. This therapeutic modality was safe, well tolerated, and associated with clinical improvement in some patients. It merits further evaluation in a prospective phase III clinical

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1991.31291142942.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1991.tb03225.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY