摘要:

The efficiency of washing liquid‐stored red blood cells and red blood cells frozen with high or low glycerol concentrations was evaluated by measuring the recovery of red blood cellsin vitro, supernatant hemoglobin, extracellular potassium and red blood cell potassium levels, supernatant osmolality, residual,25I albumin, glycerol, hypoxanthine, and di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) levels. Four commercial washing systems were studied, three which used sodium chloride solutions with serial or continuous‐flow centrifugation and one which used sugar solutions and dilution/agglomeration. Washing was most efficient using sodium chloride solutions in the IBM Blood Processor, an automated serial centrifugation procedure and in the Fenwal Elutramatic, a continuous‐flow centrifugation procedure. Less efficient washing was achieved in the Haemonetics Processor 15, a continuous‐flow centrifugation procedure and the least efficient washing occurred using the original and modified dilution/agglomeration procedures. To achieve the most efficient washing, three principles must be utilized: concentration of the red blood cells to hematocrit values of 90 per cent, prior to washing or freezing. Liquid‐stored red blood cells concentrated to hematocrit values of 90V per cent should be diluted with hypertonic sodium chloride solutions prior to recovery and washing. Red blood cells containing 20 per cent or 40 per cent W/V glycerol should be diluted with hypertonic sodium chloride solutions before recovery and washing. Finally, on‐line dilution should be achieved in the washing systems that use continuous‐fl

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16677060239.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1976.tb01237.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Repeated transfusion of small increments of blood are frequently required for the sick and premature newborn infant to correct endogenous hypovolemia and/or to replace blood obtained for laboratory monitoring purposes. Previously fresh group and type specific whole blood was used. To eliminate waste of fresh whole blood, maintain fresh red blood cell properties, eliminate the hazards of transfusing plasma and to provide a more efficient system, a pediatric frozen red cell pack (PFRCP) has been developed.Units of group O rr red blood cells are glycerolized using a high glycerol method. The glycerolized red blood cells are separated into three equal aliquots and frozen. When needed, the PFRCP are deglycerolized by a modified procedure using the IBM Cell Processor.During a six month period, 71 infants were given 153 separate transfusions of deglycerolized red blood cells using 102 PFRCP prepared from 34 units of red blood cells. Red blood cell recovery, hematocrit, white blood cell removal, residual glycerol, total protein, and supernatant hemoglobin levels were measured. Clinical response was followed and found to be excellent.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16677060240.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Platelet concentrates (PC) were stored in plastic bags with continuous shaking at 4, 22, and 37 C. Various metabolic parameters were examined over a 72‐hour period. At 22 C, the pH and PO2declined over 72 hours while the Pco2and lactate increased. Hypotonic shock declined to 70 per cent. This differed from the small amounts of CO2and lactate found at 4 C and the marked accumulation of metabolites and almost complete loss of shock response at 37 C. Aggregation was always better maintained with 4 C storage.The toxic effect of the accumulation of metabolites on the platelets was tested by adding lactate to fresh PC at zero time. This was effective in lowering the initial pH, markedly inhibiting the response to aggregation and decreasing the total accumulation of lactate during storage, but did not produce an inhibition of hypotonic shock response. The effect of accumulation of toxic metabolites was further investigated by using 72‐hour plasma and platelets and recombining each of them with fresh preparations.Platelets were tested under degassed conditions to outline the requirements for oxygen and gaseous exchange. Surprisingly, there was less accumulation of lactate and CO2and better hypotonic shock response.These experiments have detected various changes in viability markers in platelets that are stored under actual blood bank conditions and indicate that the accumulation of lactate is not totally responsible for the toxic inhibition of platelet performance that is found upon storage at 2

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16677060241.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents recent data from quantitative and thermodynamic investigations on A and B erythrocyte antigens. In regard to weak A phenotypes on the basis of quantitative data, practically no gap is observed from the weakest Aendto the strongest A3. Weak B phenotypes give a similar distribution. However, a more precise structural analysis including kinetics and thermodynamic measurements provides convincing evidence for the heterogeneity of each type of weak B reactive structures. Weak B antigens appear to be different from one to another, but similar inside one family. However, thermodynamics failed to demonstrate a qualitative difference between the weak B antigen in Bxgroups and the enhanced B antigen in ABxheterozygote, phenomenon that occurs in some very rare families. The same data were obtained from kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of B reactivity in cis AB samples; it can be assumed that such mutants are all different.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16677060242.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1976.tb01241.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Red blood cells from HBsAg‐positive blood were washed in the Fenwal Elutramatic, Haemonetics Processor 15, or the IBM Blood Processor with sodium chloride solutions, or in the Huggins Cytoglomerator with sugar solutions. The Fenwal Elutramatic and IBM Blood Processor were the most efficient washing systems, the Haemonetics Processor 15 was less efficient, and the Huggins Cvtoglomerator was the least efficient in removing the HBsAg. Washing to remove the HBsAg from red blood cells containing 40 per cent W/V glycerol in an ionic medium was more efficient than washing HBsAg from liquid‐stored red blood cells or red blood cells containing 20 per cent W/V glycerol. The original and modified dilution/agglomeration wash cycles used in the Huggins Cytoglomerator were not able to remove the HBsAg from units of blood that were radioimmune assay (RIA) positive and counterelectrophoresis (CEP) negative. Freezing had no effect on the removal of the HBsAgin vitro, whereas the concentration of 40 per cent W/V glycerol in the red blood cells that were washed did. HBsAg was not found in the amorphous debris remaining in the polycarbonate disposable bowl used in the Haemonetics Processor 15 or in the microaggregates remaining in washed red blood ce

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16677060243.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human lymphocytes stored at 4 C either as leukocyte concentrates (LCs) in citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose (CPD) or as whole blood anticoagulated with CPD show a rapid and marked decrease in the relative and absolute numbers of thymus derived (T) lymphocytes. Determinations were made on cells recoverable on a Ficoll‐Hypaque (F‐H) gradient. In evacuated LCs, the relative percentage of T cells dropped to less than 10 per cent within 72 hours with a concomitant increase in the relative percentage of bone marrow derived (B) cells to 80 per cent or more. LCs opened to the air and subsequently stored at 4 C displayed an even more precipitous decline in the relative percentage of T cells, reaching a 10 per cent level within 72 hours. The relative percentage of T cells in CPD‐anticoagulated whole blood samples stored at 4 C displayed similar decreases, reaching 20 per cent levels within 24 hours. The change in the relative percentage of T cells at the Ficoll‐Hypaque interface was shown to reflect a decrease in the total numbers of T cells placed on the F‐H gradient with time, since determinations of T and B cell numbers in NH4CI‐treated whole blood showed a 65 to 80 per cent decrease in the numbers of T cells within 24 hours in anticoagulated whole blood held at 4 C. Thus, it may be inferred that the T cell decrease is mediatedviasome interaction of anticoagulant, storage time, and some component(s) present in both LCs

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16677060244.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Factors affecting the yield of factor VIII in cryoprecipitate have been investigated in the context of a blood component program. Bothin vitroandin vivomeasurements were used to assess the effects of critical variables on the yield of factor VIII activity. Variables such as anticoagulant, plastic bag, mixing during collection, and platelet contamination had no significant effect on yield of factor VIII activity in cryoprecipitate. Among the most critical factors affecting yield were storage time of whole blood and procedures for freezing, thawing, and reconstitution. The following procedures were found to assure a 60 per cent recovery of factor VIII in cryoprecipitate: 1) processing of whole blood within six hours of collection; 2) use of a technique to freeze plasma within 30 minutes either in a –70 C ethanol bath or –85 C freezer; 3) rapid thawing (1 ½ hour or less) in a 4 C circulating water bath; 4) centrifugation at 4,500 ×gfor 10 minutes at 4 C followed by draining of the supernatant in a 4 C cold room; 5) storage of the precipitate at –20 C until ready for use; 6) thawing in a 37 C water bath for at least 15 minutes followed by addition of 20 ml of 0.15 M saline for a 20 minute period at room temperature, and gentle mixing before pooling units for transfusion.The recovery of factor VIII in cryoprecipitate appears to be limited to about 65 per cent by its solubility in plasma at 4 C. Therefore, further effort to increase the amount available for treatment should involve improving the supply of plasma for its preparation and decreasing the cost of pro

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16677060245.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sickle‐trait red blood cells respond to freezing and thawing like normal cells, but during deglycerolization by centrifugal methods, they pack and hemolyze. This appears to be the result of changes in surface characteristics with suspension in hyperosmotic saline and even modest increases in osmolality result in packing with centrifugation. Modifications to permit deglycerolization of sickle‐trait cells have been designed for use with both the Haemonetics and the IBM cell washing systems. Sickle‐trait cells do not agglomerate satisfactorily but we were unable to devise a modification of this deglycerolizing system that would accommodate sickle‐trai

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16677060246.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY