摘要:

Over a 20‐year period, the number of blood donors and transfusion recipients previously immunized by blood group antigens was determined in a large blood center. During that period, the proportion of patients found to have anti‐D declined, while those with other antibodies in the Rh system, as well as in the Kell, Duffy, and Kidd systems, increased sharply. As expected, the rate of sensitization was much lower among blood donors than among recipients. In both groups, sensitized females greatly outnumbered sensitized males. Some of the findings summarized here raise questions about current practices in transfusion laboratories and emphasize the responsibilities of blood bank professionals to donors as well as to patie

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17477216857.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17477216858.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17477216859.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17477216860.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17477216861.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17477216862.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study was made of the metabolism by the rabbit of adenine administered intravenously at a dose of 35 mg/kg with 100 μCi of 8‐14C‐adenine. The infused adenine was removed from the blood in two phases, first by diffusion into the tissues and second by metabolic reactions throughout the body. The adenine equilibrated within a few seconds equally between plasma and red blood cells and between them and kidney, liver, duodenum, lung and heart. Diffusion into skeletal muscle was much slower and into brain slowest. The more gradual disappearance of adenine from blood, and from the rest of the body, with a half‐life of about 20 minutes and with complete removal by two hours, was predominantly along three pathways, leading to, after four hours: 1) 74 per cent in adenine nucleotide (mostly AMP, ADP, and ATP); 2) 12 per cent as unchanged adenine in the urine; and 3) 11 per cent as a mixture in almost equal parts of 8‐oxyadenine and 2,8‐dioxyadenine in the urine. Conversion of adenine to adenine nucleotide, probably by initial reaction with phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate and adenine‐phosphoribosyl‐transferase, was at widely different rates in the organs with duodenum, kidney, liver, and lung high and heart, red blood cell, skeletal muscle and brain relatively low. Sites of formation of the two oxyadenines, probably by action of xanthine oxidase, were

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17477216863.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Adenine, 8‐oxyadenine, and 2,8‐dioxyadenine were analyzed, by Dowex‐50 column chromatography, in rabbit urine four hours after IV infusion of the following doses of adenine in mg/kg: 2, 4, 8.75, 17.5, 35, 70, 140 and 210. The average excretion in mole percentage of the dose was: adenine, 11.1; 8‐oxyadenine, 6.1; and 2,8‐dioxyadenine, 6.2. The percentage of excretion of 8‐oxyadenine and of 2,8‐dioxyadenine was unrelated to the dose of adenine. At doses of adenine of 35 mg/kg and above more than 80 per cent of the 2,8‐dioxyadenine in the urine was in the form of microscopic pale yellow spherical particles. The particulate 2,8‐dioxyadenine was found in the kidney in a very small amount at the dose of 70 mg/kg and in much greater quantities at

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17477216864.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study was made of the metabolism by a human subject of adenine administered intravenously at a dose of 10 mg/kg with 200 μCi of 8‐14C‐adenine to learn how similar and different the results might be from those obtained by a much more extensive study by this Laboratory on the rabbit. A rapid initial disappearance of radioactivity from the blood was followed by a slower loss with a half‐life of about an hour. The first was probably due to diffusion into the extravascular fluid and the second to metabolism in the tissues. Fifteen per cent of the radioactivity infused was excreted in the urine during the first three hours as unchanged adenine and another 8 per cent was excreted during the first six hours as a mixture, in almost equal parts, of 8‐oxyadenine and 2,8‐dioxyadenine. Radioactivity in the urine after the second day, starting at 1.5 per cent of the dose per day and declining steadily to 0.5 per cent at three months, was predominantly in uric acid, reflecting turnover of the adenine which had entered body pools of purine nucleotide. Approximately 2 per cent of the injected radioactivity was incorporated into red blood cell AMP, ADP and ATP, each of which, by the second day, had the same specific radioactivity, which then decayed at a rate of 1.3 per cent per day. The results were remarkably similar to those obtained in a previous study on the rabbit. A variety of clinical observations and tests on blood and urine showed no abnormalities attributable to the infusion wi

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17477216865.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to provide data in support of licensure applications for citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose (CPD) supplemented with adenine, a multi‐institutional cooperative effort was organized to determine survivability of red blood cells subjected to prolonged liquid storage. Two manufacturers supplied plastic multiple bag blood storage containers prefilled with modified CPD (glucose 25% greater than the normal concentration) supplemented with adenine (17.0 to 17.3 mg per 63 ml of anticoagulant; 0.25 millimolar approximate final concentration when diluted with 450 ml of whole blood). Red blood cells from 32 units stored as whole blood for 35 days showed a mean survival of 80.53 + 6.44 per cent (1 SD). Both red blood cell and supernatant plasma biochemical characteristics were comparable to those reported for whole blood stored for 21 days in either acid‐citrate‐dextrose (ACD) or CPD. Red blood cells from 19 units stored as concentrates for 35 days (Hct 75.03 + 3.74%) had a mean survival of 71.38 + 10.3 per cent with considerable interdonor variation in survival and interlaboratory variation in some biochemical characteristics. Red blood cells from eight units stored as concentrates (Hct 75.38 + 4.30%) for 28 days showed a mean survival of 83.97 + 6.10 per cent and biochemical characteristics comparable to those reported for red blood‐cell concentrates stored in CPD or ACD for 21 days. Modified CPD with adenine as formulated offers an improved anticoagulant for blood banking by extending the permissible red blood cell sto

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17477216866.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY