ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) added to whole blood to a concentration of 7% w/v allows rapid freezing to liquid nitrogen temperatures and subsequent thawing with minimum hemolysis (3%). Average molecular weight PVP greater than about 20,000 is effective. Control of cooling and warming, conditions of heat transfer, temperature, and agitation are essential to high recoveries of red cells. A process has been defined in which blood is collected into ACD anticoagulant and PVP and frozen in corrugated aluminum containers with mechanical agitation in liquid nitrogen. Thawing is carried out with mechanical agitation in water at 37 to 45 C. Reproduciblein vitrorecoveries of 97% have been obtained with volumes of one‐half and one pint

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Autologous human erythrocytes were frozen at −80 C and stored for periods of three to eight months, using centrifugation to add and remove the intracellular additive, glycerol. The length of storage had no adverse effect on the 24‐hour and seven‐day posttransfusion survivals. Acceptable 24‐hour posttransfusion survival was observed in the nine subjects studied. The mechanism of removal of the nonviable erythrocytes immediately following infusion was not associated with hemoglobinemia. The total supernatant hemoglobin in the unit on the day of transfusion and the totalin vitroloss related to preservation are r

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The nucleotide content (ATP,* ADP, AMP) of deglycerolized and resuspended erythrocytes, previously frozen with glycerol and the slow freeze technic and processed by the centrifugation and agglomeration methods, was measured for a three‐week post‐thaw interval. Two series of studies were undertaken. In the first six units of blood (500 ml) rendered incoagulable with ACD (NIH‐A) were studied, three by each process, and the erythrocytes resuspended after deglycerolization in two media, autologous (ACD) plasma, and a 5% albumin resuspension medium. The erythrocyte suspensions were then stored at 4 C for three weeks and nucleotides assayed at three‐to‐four‐day intervals. In this group the nucleotide content of erythrocytes treated by the centrifugation technic was unchanged after processing, while the total nucleotides in erythrocytes processed by agglomeration were greatly reduced. The greatest loss was in ATP while the ADP and AMP were essentially unchanged. Agglomerated erythrocytes resuspended in autologous plasma resynthesized a small portion of their ATP when stored at 4 C for eight days. From eight to 21 days, both the ATP and total nucleotides were the same in erythrocytes from both processes. Small increases in ADP and AMP could not account for the decay of total nucleotides, which paralleled closely the loss of ATP.In a second series the influence of agglomeration conditions was studied. The nucleotide content was found to be markedly affected by the time erythrocytes were allowed to remain in concentrated glucose solutions. The nucleotides of cells processed optimally, that is agglomerated within 20 minutes and disaggregated with 250 ml of 0.15 M NaCl centrifuged and resuspended in plasma or albumin, were substantially the same as those in unprocessed ACD blood stored for 21

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04708.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The addition of high concentrations of phosphate ion have been found to enhance markedly the stability of ATP of red cells stored at 4 C. A marked initial rise of ATP levels was followed by a subsequent gradual decline when phosphate in concentrations of .05 M to .3 M was included in preservative media containing adenine. A second rise in the concentration of ATP was observed if the pH of the sample was adjusted by the addition of sodium carbonate. The addition of phosphate in high concentrations to preservative media may prove to be of practical significance.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04709.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Galactose, having the common carrier system of aldoses, enters erythrocytes from the medium in exchange for glucose and temporarily reaches higher levels (apparent steady state), than its concentration in the medium. The apparent steady states in fresh and stored human erythrocytes of donors of a certain age range were studied. Decreased values of galactose in the apparent steady state were observed in erythrocytes after 14 days of storage.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04710.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of transfusion of fresh whole blood were observed in 55 dogs exposed to 1,250 ± 100 r of continuous total body gamma radiation. Seven controls received the same basic care, fluids and antibiotics, but no transfusions. The amount of blood administered ranged from 100–150 ml in daily infusions through exchanges of seven liters or more repeated once or twice. Transfusion increased survival time but hazards were apparent. The anesthesia and surgical procedures required for the larger exchanges of blood led to complicating infections. Large amounts of fresh unirradiated blood induced early return of hematopoiesis apparently by implantation of cells present in the blood administered, but jaundice and serious liver injury also occurred, perhaps as a reaction of foreiga cells against their host. Best results were obtained by frequent non‐traumatic administration of small amounts of blood, roughly equivalent to one‐tenth the dog's blood volume daily. There were two long term survivors. One received irradiated blood and the other received blood from a litter‐mate.When histocompatibility is adequate, fresh blood can be used without irradiation and will hasten marrow recovery. When the histocompatibility of donor and recipient is unknown, frequent nontraumatic administration of irradiated fresh blood is helpful and free from injurious

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04711.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Antisera of rabbits immunized with isolated human myeloma proteins, urinary proteins, papain treated myeloma proteins and FII γ‐globulin were studied. It was established that such antisera after absorption were able to serve as typing reagents for the detection of human genetic factors on gamma globulin. Specific antibodies were found against Gm(a), (b) and (f) and Inv(l) determinants.It was possible to differentiate the Gm specific antibodies from those defining the heavy chain subgroups although they usually occurred together in the rabbit antise

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04712.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Immunoglobulin G was prepared from human plasma and monkey serum containing demonstrable titers of tetanus, diphtheria and rabies antibodies by a batchwise technic using diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE). The preparation was comparable to that prepared by the cold ethanol technic of Oncleyet al.Moving boundary electrophoresis (Tiselius) of the DEAE immunoglobulin preparations revealed that the human IgG had a purity of 98.5 per cent and the monkey IgG of 99.5 per cent (i.e., mobilities less than 2.8 × 10−5/cm2/V/sec) comparable to the cold ethanol preparations. Vertical starch gel electrophoresis (Smithies) revealed that both preparations consisted of one broad band. Immunoelectrophoretic studies, using anti‐human horse or goat sera, confirmed the observation that only one component was present in the final preparations. Disc electrophoresis revealed one broad band plus a faster minor component. When immunoglobulin G, M and A antisera were utilized in Immunoelectrophoresis, these preparations reacted only with the IgG antisera. The concentration of tetanus, diphtheria and rabies antibodies by the DEAE method was comparable to the cold ethanol preparat

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04713.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04714.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY