ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28388219141.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28388219142.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was determined in 114 transfused neonates of any birthweight born to CMV antibody‐negative mothers. In a second phase of this study, an additional 28 transfused infants weighing less than 1250 g, born to both CMV antibody‐negative and antibody‐positive mothers, were followed. All infants underwent weekly virus culture and monthly serology during hospitalization and at 6 to 12 weeks after their last transfusion. Only one of 126 (0.8%) seronegative infants and one of 16 (6.3%) seropositive infants developed CMV infection. If the assumption is made that the CMV‐ infected infant received only 1 unit of infectious blood, the risk of transfusion‐acquired CMV infection to seronegative infants is 0.16 percent per cellular unit transfused or 0.37 percent per seropositive cellular unit transfused. Despite similarities in the prevalence of CMV antibody in the donor population, the age of blood products used, and the mean number of donor exposures, a significantly lower incidence of CMV infection was found in the seronegative transfused infants than that in two previously published studies (p<0.01, p<0.001). Because no mortality and very little morbidity could be attributed to transfusion‐acquired CMV infection in the nurseries, the authors can see no justification for the provision of specialized blood components for the prevention of CMV infection in this patient

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28388219143.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is commonly believed that IgG antibodies react optimally at 37°C, but there are few published data supporting this. In this study, 140 antibodies from the Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, and SsU blood groups were studied by a low‐ionic‐strength solution indirect antiglobulin technique at four different temperatures of incubation: 10, 22, 30, and 37°C. Only titration score differences of greater than 10 were considered significant. None of the 140 antibodies sensitized red cells (RBC) significantly better at 10, 22, or 30 than at 37°C. All antibodies, except one example of anti‐c, sensitized RBCs as well at 30 as at 37°C. At 22°C, 100 percent of Kidd and SsU, 94 percent of Kell, and 82 percent of Duffy, but only 49 percent of Rh antibodies sensitized RBCs as well as they did at 37°C. It is possible that these differences reflect the influence of antigenic structures and/or topography on the thermal dynamics of the antigen‐

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28388219144.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1988.tb04099.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty‐seven monospecific HLA antibodies directed against all common HLA‐A and ‐B loci and reactive by the microlymphocytotoxicity assay (LCT) were tested against platelets carrying the corresponding antigen by three platelet crossmatch methods, the platelet immunofluorescence test (PIFT), platelet enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (P‐ELISA), and platelet radioimmunoassay (P‐RIA). Positive reactions were obtained with the PIFT in 67 percent, the P‐ELISA in 41 percent, and the P‐RIA in 49 percent of 85 cell‐serum pairs. The same cell‐serum combinations gave 49 percent positive reactions in the lymphocyte immunofluorescence test. Three multispecific HLA antisera were positive in nine of nine cell‐serum combinations by all four methods. Thirteen transfusions were given to eight patients with known HLA antibodies. All donor‐recipient pairs were LCT positive, six were PIFT positive, and seven were PIFT negative. Three of seven PIFT‐negative and none of six PIFT‐positive transfusions were successful. Thus, platelet crossmatching is less sensitive than the LCT for the detection of complement‐binding monospecific HLA antibodies. The platelet crossmatch, however, is able to identify some potentially successful HLA‐incompatible donors for patients with multispecific HLA antibodies and limited

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28388219145.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It was shown previously that human blood platelets stored in an artificial medium (PCD) for up to 5 days remain functional in vitro and have normal survival and recovery in vivo. This report demonstrates that the medium can be simplified further by the removal of dextrose, leaving for study a medium consisting simply of balanced salts and citrate anticoagulant (PC). Some dextrose, 3.2 mM, was present in the fresh PC platelet concentrates due to plasma carryover in the production of platelet concentrates, but this dextrose concentration was considerably less than the 22.6 to 25.5 mMpresent in platelet concentrates in PCD or plasma. Platelet count, pH, PCO2, and PO2, as well as platelet aggregation and release responses to stimulation, in vitro, were as well preserved in the PCD or PC media as in the plasma controls. In the PC medium, platelets consumed 2.5 mM dextrose over 5 days and left 0.7 mMdextrose. The same consumption of dextrose was noted in PCD platelet concentrates, while platelets in plasma metabolized twice as much dextrose and formed twice as much lactate. Thus, the rate of glycolysis in platelet concentrates was independent of the dextrose concentration in the medium, and the platelet functions were well preserved.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28388219146.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A red cell additive solution (AS‐005) containing ascorbate‐2‐phosphate (AsP) to maintain 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate, plus adenine, phosphate, and mannitol to retain viability and reduce hemolysis, was evaluated by human clinical trials. A crossover design was used with another additive solution (Nutricel AS‐3, Cutter Laboratories) serving as the control for each donor. Each additive solution was evaluated at 35 and 42 days of storage. There was no significant difference between the red cell viability of the two storage solutions at either time period. Split‐bag, AS‐005 in vitro studies at two temperatures (2.5 and 5.5° C), both within the range of 1 to 6° C approved by the American Association of Blood Banks and the Food and Drug Administration, resulted in dramatically different in vitro parameters, including a threefold difference in 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG), a fivefold difference in glucose, and significant differences in pH and adenosine triphosphate. High‐pressure liquid chromatography data confirmed the preliminary report that 1 to 2 percent (wt/wt) oxalate was present in preparations of AsP. In vitro storage data confirmed that oxalate is the active component of AsP that preserves 2

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28388219147.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The histamine levels in samples from platelet concentrates (PC) were measured at various storage times by a radioenzymatic assay. Elevated histamine levels were detected in 5 of 14 PC after 3 days of storage (range,<1 to 13.3 ng/ml) and in 9 of 14 PC after 5 days (range,<1 to 22.2 ng/ml). A very good linear correlation (r = 0.913) was found between the initial white cell content of the PC and the histamine level at 5 days of storage. The rise in histamine content was not influenced by the type of plastic container. The results indicate a process of histamine release by the white cells during storage. Although histamine is metabolized rapidly in vivo, a critical histamine threshold could be reached in man by the rapid infusion of stored PC containing high levels of histamine. This could explain some unexpected transfusion reactions in patients receiving PC.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28388219148.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To understand better the relationships between blood‐group antigens and bacterial constituents, examples of 23 gram‐negative bacteria (representing the 10 generaCitrobacter, Edwardsiella, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Serratia, and Shigella) were tested for the presence of Kl‐like antigens by hemagglutination‐inhibition (HAI) assays against both IgG and IgM anti‐ Kl. Saline‐suspended whole organisms, cell‐free culture media, and disrupted organisms were used to test for such antigens in, on, and secreted by the microorganisms examined. Disrupted organisms of an isolate of Shigella sonnei nonspecifically inhibited IgG anti‐Kl as well as IgG antibodies of the specificities Kpb, Fya, S, and c. However, onlyEscherichia coli0125:B15, subtype 12808, had specific K1‐ like activity (no activity with other IgG [(k, Kpb, Jka, Fya, S, c] and IgM [A, B, M, P1] antibodies). Disrupted organisms inhibited IgM but not IgG anti‐K1 in the HAI assay. A second subtype,E. coli0125:B15, subtype 12809, exhibited no K1‐like activity. These findings support the report of K1 activity in cell‐free broth cultures ofE. coli0125:B15 (subtype unspecified). Thus, although not allE. coli0125:B15 possesses K1‐like activity, the finding of such activity in at least oneE. colisubtype confirms the idea that bacterial components may play a role in the production of naturally occurring antibodies directed against

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28388219149.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY