摘要:

2,3‐diphosphoglyceric acid appears to be an important regulator of the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin in intact red blood cells. The rate of loss of 2,3‐DPG under various storage conditions therefore was investigated. 2,3‐DPG disappeared rapidly from conventional preservative media, CPD, and ACD solutions. After only two weeks' storage, 65 per cent to 85 per cent of erythrocyte 2,3‐DPG had been lost from ACD‐stored blood and slightly less from CPD‐stored blood. Although the addition of adenine to ACD solution aided in the maintenance of ATP levels, it hastened the rate of loss of 2,3‐DPG. The rate of 2,3‐DPG depletion was strongly dependent on pH. In more alkaline storage media, levels of this compound were relatively well maintained for as long as two, or even three weeks. However, under these circumstances ATP maintenance was less satisfactory. The levels of 2,3‐DPG and ATP in red blood cells incubated in fresh plasma at 37 C, pH 7.4, to simulate the conditions after reinfusion of stored cells also was investigated. ATP levels remained relatively stable under these circumstances and 2,3‐DPG levels were restored gradually. However, the repletion of 2,3‐DPG was sufficiently slow so that even after eight hours only approximately one third of the 2,3‐DPG which had been lost was regenerated. Thus, stored blood may fail to transport oxygen efficiently for many

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1969.tb05527.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Blood obtained from normal volunteers and stored in ACD with or without adenine was evaluated by both testsin vitroand by 24‐hour recovery following transfusion. Significant differences between autologous and homologous transfusions were not detected. The changes that did occur were limited to evidence of lesser erythrocyte breakdown in ACD units fortified with adenine. These units were associated with higher survival values at all storage periods evaluated and displayed over 70 per cent 24‐hour posttransfusion survival even after 42 days of stor

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1969.tb05528.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1969.tb05529.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Washing of either nonfrozen or previously frozen red blood cells with nonelectrolyte solutions caused a significant reduction in intracellular potassium concentration. Storage of the nonfrozen or previously frozen washed red blood cells at 4 C for up to 48 hours produced further reductions in intracellular potassium levels. The loss of cellular potassium after the washing was much greater in previously frozen red blood cells than in the non‐frozen cells. Washing with 4.5 per cent glucose and 4.5 per cent fructose, instead of 8 per cent glucose and 1 per cent fructose, decreased MCV and osmotic fragility, and increased MCHC and cellular density, which suggests that blood so treated was not acceptable for clinical use. Thus, the volume and composition of the electrolyte solutions used to disaggregate red blood cells determined the magnitude of the changes in the washed red blood cells during postthaw storage. Significant correlations relating changes in red blood cell indices, osmotic fragility, intracellular electrolyte levels (K+, Na+, Cl‐), and the density distribution of the red blood cells provided useful guidelines for determining the environmental conditions for the washing of both nonfrozen and previously frozen red blood cells with nonelectrolyte solutions under which the restored red blood cells will have acceptable physical and structural characterist

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1969.tb05530.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Adenine has been used to prolong the survival of stored erythrocytes, and thus extend the storage period of blood. It seemed desirable to investigate the effect of this additive on the procoagulants of plasma that full use of cryoprecipitates and other plasma fractions could be made from blood drawn into an adenine‐enriched anticoagulant. Eight units of whole blood were drawn into each of four anticoagulants: ACD, ACD‐adenine, CPD, and CPD‐adenine. Cryoprecipitates were prepared from each unit of fresh plasma according to a modification of Pool's method. Assays for fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factors V, VII, VIII, IX, and X were performed on the cryoprecipitates and on the supernatant plasma drawn off the cryoprecipitates. Adenine did not alter the expected yield of factor VIII (AHF) in the cryoprecipitate. There was slight to moderate loss of factor V and fibrinogen, respectively, in the supernatant plasma, but prothrombin and factors VII, IX, and X were unaffected by the procedure. Assays also revealed good AHF activity in each unit of plasma from a double plasmapheresis; therefore, both units are satisfactory for use in preparing cryoprecipi

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1969.tb05531.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

After 19 weeks' storage in autologous plasma at 4 C, the enzymatic activities of erythrocytic enolase, 3‐phosphoglycerate kinase, pyruvate kinase and ATPase each were reduced by about one half, nucleoside diphosphokinase, glutathione reductase, and hexokinase were reduced by about one third, and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were relatively unchanged in activity. After 19 weeks' storage at ‐120 C or ‐170 C in glycerol‐sucrose medium, the activity of these erythrocyte enzymes was essentiall

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1969.tb05532.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since February of 1967, the Yale‐New Haven Hospital's laboratory computer (IBM 1130) has been used for data acquisition and inventory control in the blood bank. The program has been designed to replace existing systems without adding personnel so that all procedures, including key punching and computer operation, are carried out by the blood bank technologists. Data are entered by a specially designed Hollerith card. Half of it, containing information that identifies each unit of blood by group and Rh, number, source, and expiration date, is key punched by a technologist at the time blood or blood products are received. The right half of the card is designed to accept data by a manual technic called Port‐A‐Punch. The daily report contains usage data by blood types and by clinical service. It also lists units transferred, outdated, or unaccounted for. This computer system has provided: (1) more accurate inventory data; (2) detailed usage statistics; (3) an increased awareness of outdating; (4) better blood utilization; and (5) time‐saving in record keeping. Far more important, each technologist has learned to use a new and important laborato

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1969.tb05533.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear granulocytes locate in Ficoll gradients at widely different densities. A method for the isolation of peripheral lymphocytes of human blood by centrifugation over a low‐ionic strength Ficoll barrier has been developed from this characteristic. The yields and serologic reactivities of lymphocytes isolated by the Ficoll method from normal human blood donors were comparable to those isolated by nylon‐column separation. However, the Ficoll method has been especially useful in preparing lymphocytes from blood of moribund individuals and others with an altered blood picture, where attempts on nylon columns failed to separate lymphocytes from polymorphonuclear granulocy

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1969.tb05534.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1969.tb05535.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Acidification of platelet‐rich plasma to a pH of approximately 6.5 by the use of additional ACD anticoagulant solution before preparation of platelet concentrates results in a greater increment of the one‐hour posttransfusion platelet count and better clinical hemostatic effects when compared with preparations whose pH values are reduced to approximately 6.7 to 6.8. The latter preparations show greater tendency to aggregate spontaneously and a larger response to ADPin vitrothan those at a pH of 6.5. If maximum recovery of platelets from a single donor is the primary objective, platelet‐rich plasma should be acidified to pH 6.5 before preparation of platelet concent

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1969.tb05536.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY