摘要:

Antiglobulin sera designed to detect erythrocyte coating by the third component of complement (C3) should contain primarily antibody to the C3d (α2D) antigenic grouping on the C3 molecule. During immunization, animals respond independently to the C3c (βlA) and C3d antigens. The present study reports quantitative serial precipitin and antiglobulin measurements of anti‐C3c and anti‐C3d responses in 12 rabbits during a four and one‐half month hyperimmunization program and a subsequent six month follow‐up period. Anti‐C3c precipitin responses occurred earlier and were sustained longer than were anti‐C3d precipitin responses. There was a general correlation of the strength of anti‐C3d precipitin and antiglobulin responses among serum samples from a single rabbit, but not among sera from different rabbits. While most rabbits developed strong anti‐C3c and anti‐C3d precipitin and antiglobulin reactivities at the peak of their immune response, five of five commercially manufactured goat anti‐C3 sera exhibited strong anti‐C3c reactivity with little or no anti‐C3d reactivity. The implications of these observations for production of anti‐C3 antiglob

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1974.tb04554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three approaches are described to the preparation of a potent antiglobulin reagent monospecific for the C3d component of C3: 1) attempts to absorb out the anti‐C3c component of a bisperific anti‐C3c, C3d serum, 2) attempts to isolate by affinity chromatography purified C3d to be used for animal immunization, 3) animal immunization with a relatively crude filtration fraction of aged serum which contained C3d but lacked C3c. Problems encountered with the first two approaches are described and discussed. Preparation of a potent anti‐C3d serum by the third approach is documented, as are methods employed to assess the specificity and potency of the re

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1974.tb04555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The method for detection of anti‐leukocyte antibodies by microcapillary agglutination (MCA) is described in detail, as are the procedures used to establish positive and negative results and reproducibility. MCA was found to be more sensitive than lymphocytotoxicity (LC) and antisera which appeared to be monospecific by LC were multispecific when tested by MCA. In addition, MCA was found to have more clinical significance than LC. Eighty‐four per cent of 25 patients with nonhemolytic transfusion reactions and a temperature elevation of>1 F had anti‐leukocyte antibodies detected by MCA, while only 36 per cent of these patients had anti‐leukocyte antibodies detected by LC. MCA defined a group of transfusion reactions in patients who had more previous transfusions, more pregnancies, and a higher average temperature elevation than did patients without detectable anti‐leukocyte antibodies. Although LC methods are currently in widespread use for organ matching in transplantation, other methods such as MCA for the detection of anti‐leukocyte antibodies may have more relevance to the problems of blood

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1974.tb04556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The family of an obstetrical patient with an unusually weak Duphenotype has been studied. Strong positive reactions in the Dutest were observed with the cells of four siblings who are of the DucE phenotype whereas very weak reactions were obtained with the proposita and one sib who are DuCe. The father is Rh negative thus proving the mother to be homozygous Du(DuCe/DucE). The two Duphenotypes and the homozygous Dumother were compared by titration scores and by the uptake of labeled anti‐D. The correlation was good between the titration score and the number of D antigen sites. However, red blood cells with normal D antigen content and one of the two weakly reactive DuCe/dce cells had titration scores that were too low in comparison to the number of D site

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1974.tb04557.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eighteen patients with thrombocytopenia and acute leukemia were randomized in a double blind study to receive either platelets or platelet‐poor plasma as prophylaxis against bleeding. Despite no significant differences in platelet counts between patients of the two groups, the frequency of bleeding in the two groups was significantly different, affirming the value of prophylactic platelet transfusions. Fever preceded substantial hemorrhage in 10 of 13 patients, suggesting that infection may initiate bleeding in thrombocytopenic patient

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1974.tb04558.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous studies have shown that in sickle trait (AS) donor blood very little sickling is visible. AS donor blood was evaluated by a method of blood filtration, which would be sensitive to intracellular gellation of S hemoglobin which might not be evident morphologically. Blood was collected from normal and sickle trait subjects into CPD solution and stored at 4 C. Blood was removed over a 21‐day period and filtered through paper filters at unit gravity and also examined microscopically. Sickling was not evident in saline wet preparations, but was seen in each AS sample in 10 per cent formalin‐saline. At 4, 25, and 37 C, AS blood filtered less rapidly than did normal (P<0.01). AS blood filterability became progressively prolonged as temperature rose; conversely normal blood filterability shortened with increasing temperature. Over 21 days, AS blood remained less filterable than normals. AS samples with high hemoglobin S percentages filtered significantly more slowly than did those with less S hemoglobin.Recognizing that these studies refer only to bloodin vitro, no conclusions are drawn with respect to reversibility of the altered filterability or any possible clinical implicati

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1974.tb04559.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of short‐term exposure of human platelets to 4C was studied with respect to membrane structure and function. The distribution of membrane polypeptides and glycopeptides analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis showed no difference in chilled, fresh or room‐temperature stored platelets. Similarly unaffected by chilling were Na+flux and glutathione content. The electrophoretic mobility of cold‐exposed platelets was significantly lower than that of fresh or room‐temperature exposed platelets. The uptake of45Ca++was well preserved when platelets were stored for up to four hours at 4 C but showed a marked decrease at 22 C. The contractile response of platelets to hypotonic stress decreased rapidly on chilling concomitant with the length of exposure to cold temperature. These findings extend the known cold‐induced changes in platelets to include membrane structure and

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1974.tb04560.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Leukocytes or platelets from donors of appropriate blood type do not absorb anti‐M, anti‐N, anti‐S, or anti‐s. Leukocytes from U‐positive donors absorb anti‐U, but white blood cells collected from U‐negative donors do not absorb the antibody. Tests with separated platelets, lymphocytes, and neutrophils indicate that U‐antigen is probably restricted to

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1974.tb04561.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1974.tb04562.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An inbred family (Wald.) with three apparently LW negative members in two generations is described in this report. Studies of the red blood cells of these LW negative family members with a variety of anti‐LW reagents establishes that the VW‐Wald. category is a weak LW variant. Wald. red blood cells react weakly with the anti‐LW of Bige., but are negative with that of VW. An analogy may be made between the LW, ABO, and P systems. LW negative (lwlw) of the Bige. type corresponds to group O or pp. Weak LW positive or VW‐Wald. type corresponds to A2and P2. Normal LW positive corresponds to A1and P1. The antibody made by lwlw individuals may be comparable to the anti A + A1of group O and anti P + P1of pp. The antibody made by weak LW positive or VW type may be comparable to the anti A1of A2and anti P1of P2individuals. It is suggested that donors and patients now classified as LW negative be characterized as Bige. or VW types until more precise nomenclature is

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1974.tb04563.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY