ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32592327708.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32592327709.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twelve serum samples from French blood donors that were uniformly reactive in tests for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (anti‐HIV‐2) also were reactive in 92 to 100 percent of tests with three anti‐HIV type 1 (anti‐HIV‐1) enzyme‐linked immunoassays currently in widespread use for donor screening in the United States. Supplemental tests for anti‐HIV‐1 on these anti‐HIV‐2‐reactive samples differed in their responses. All samples reacted in a licensed anti‐HIV‐1 Western blot, but there was an atypical band near the p41 position, which could be a clue to the fact that this result was a cross‐reaction with anti‐HIV‐2. A recombinant immunoblot gave an indeterminate result for anti‐HIV‐1 in all 12 samples. A local immunofluorescence assay for anti‐HlV‐1 reacted with 92 percent of the samples, but a

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32592327710.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Prior studies established that ultraviolet‐B light (UVB) irradiation of platelet concentrates (PCs) at appropriate doses can eliminate the mixed lymphocyte culture‐stimulating and ‐responding capacity of lymphocytes in the PCs without adversely affecting in vitro platelet function. The in vivo recovery and survival and in vitro characteristics of UVB‐irradiated platelets were investigated in paired studies. PCs were stored for 1 day and then exposed to UVB. Platelet recovery, survival, and function were comparable to those of nonirradiated platelets. Recovery and survival of platelets stored for 5 days before UVB exposure were decreased relative to controls, although they were considered clinically acceptable. Paired transfusion studies were also performed in seven thrombocytopenic patients by using platelets obtained by apheresis. Comparable posttransfusion platelet increments and bleeding time corrections were obtained with both irradiated and control (nonirradiated) platelets. It can be concluded that platelets survive and function relatively normally in vivo after UVB irradiation sufficient to abolish lymphocyte reactivity in mixed lymphocyte culture. Long‐term studies of UVB‐irradiated PCs are needed to assess their potential in reducing recipient alloi

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32592327711.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Implementation of routine blood donor screening using anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has resulted in an urgent need for well‐characterized supplemental assays to confirm the presence of HCV antibodies. A comparative study of four commercially available supplemental assays is reported here: first‐ and second‐generation versions of a strip recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA‐1 and RIBA‐2), an HCV neutralization EIA, and HCV neutralization plus synthetic peptide EIA. Three hundred sixty‐seven blood donor specimens that were repeatedly reactive on HCV EIA were studied. Most specimens (93%) were also evaluated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) with a six‐antigen panel, and 60 selected specimens were tested for HCV RNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RIBA‐1 and RIBA‐2 gave concordant results with 86 percent of specimens, while an additional 13 percent were correctly classified by RIBA‐2 but not RIBA‐1. Neutralization EIA alone correctly identified 94 percent of the study group, while the remaining 6 percent required the peptide EIA or the combined neutralization‐peptide assay system for correct classification. The RIBA‐2 and neutralization‐peptide assay systems yielded identical results for 86 percent of specimens, and these results were supported by RIA and selected PCR testing. Only 2 specimens (0.5%) were frankly discrepant, while 51 specimens were indeterminate on either (47) or both (4) assays. When either the RIBA‐2 or neutralization‐peptide assay yielded an indeterminate interpretation, the other system correctly classified the specimen (based on concordance with RIA and PCR data) in a high proportion (92%) of cases. The overall high degree of concordance between RIBA‐2 and neutralization‐peptide assays, as well as the correlating RIA and PCR results, supports the validity and utility of the

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32592327712.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a pilot study designed to evaluate the performance of supplemental hepatitis C virus (HCV) tests, 146 consecutive HCV enzyme immunoassay (EIA)‐reactive samples (0.98% of 14,949 donors) were comparatively evaluated with two sets of supplemental tests: HCV antibody neutralization/c100–3 peptide EIA and the first‐generation HCV recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). Of these samples, 68.5 percent were positive and 17.8 percent were negative on both supplemental assays. Nineteen samples were discordant. Eleven samples were positive on one assay (9 on neutralization/peptide, 2 on RIBA) and negative or indeterminate on the alternate supplemental test, but reacted with two additional HCV antigens outside the c100–3 region in a second‐generation dot immunoblot assay. The dot immunoblot assay was used as a reference and reactive samples were considered confirmed. The remaining eight discordant samples were indeterminate or negative on either assay and did not react on the dot immunoblot assay. These data indicate a 0.74‐percent prevalence of HCV exposure detected by reactivity with the c100–3 antigen in blood donors in south

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32592327713.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Direct detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in serum or plasma is useful for validating the performance of anti‐HCV assays and for the discrimination of persons with persistent HCV infections from those with resolved infections. Quantitation of HCV RNA may also be useful for disease prognosis and therapeutic monitoring. Previous studies have reported detection of HCV RNA in 50 to 70 percent of blood donors who were positive on anti‐HCV supplemental tests. There is concern that specimen processing and storage conditions might influence the stability, and hence the detectability, of HCV RNA. To address this concern, the rate of detection of HCV RNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using donor pilot tube sera (PTS) previously subjected to routine donor screening and supplemental testing was compared with HCV PCR results obtained with fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) derived from the same donations. All 16 anti‐HCV supplemental test‐positive donations evaluated were HCV RNA positive with FFP, whereas only 10 (62.5%) were positive with PTS (p = 0.024). None of 11 FFP or PTS samples from HCV enzyme immunoassay‐reactive donations not confirmed by supplemental anti‐HCV assays tested positive for HCV RNA. Direct comparison of sample type (serum vs. plasma) and various storage conditions using specimens from two seropositive donors showed that room‐temperature storage results in marked reduction in HCV RNA signal, while replicate freezing and thawing caused a moderate reduction. These data indicate that well‐controlled sample processing and storage conditions are critical to the sensitive and potentially quantitative an

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32592327714.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia have been observed in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS‐related complex. To investigate whether red cells (RBCs) of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection were coated with IgG and/or complement (C3), blood samples of 239 patients were tested. The prevalence of a positive direct antiglobulin test on RBCs was 16.7 percent. By use of an enzyme‐linked antiglobulin test (ELAT) to measure more accurately the number of IgG molecules per RBC in a group of 67 patients, 30 of the 67 individuals were observed to have increased numbers (mean, 155) compared to normal controls and to patients with hypergammaglobulinemia due to multiple myeloma or chronic liver disease. Hemoglobin level was correlated with the number of IgG molecules per RBC (p = 0.008), but no correlation could be demonstrated between those numbers and serum immunoglobulin (p = 0.10) or circulating immune complexes (p = 0.38). Our results with ELAT suggest that some AIDS patients may have specific binding of IgG on the surface of their RBCs, rather than nonspecific uptake; further clinical correlations are necessary to confirm these findi

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32592327715.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eight epitope‐mapped monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to complement component C3d and five to complement component C3c were investigated to determine whether they could inhibit the classical activation pathway of complement‐mediated lysis (CML) by using blood group AB red cells sensitized by A or B MoAbs. Three IgM C3d MoAbs and one IgG1 C3c MoAb were able to inhibit CML in a dose‐dependent manner. In the presence of excess complement, no inhibition was observed. The greatest inhibition was observed with two high‐affinity IgM antibodies that were specific for epitope 1 on the C3d component. Some inhibition was observed with a high‐affinity IgM antibody specific for epitope 3 of the C3d component and alwo with a lower‐affinity IgG antibody specific for epitope 1 of the C3c component. The results indicate that some complement MoAbs have the capacity to distinguish between conformationally and/or functionally different forms of red ce

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32592327716.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The in vitro effect of 6‐day storage of platelets prepared from 6 pooled buffy coat (BC) units and stored in a platelet storage medium containing approximately 40 percent CPD‐plasma and 60 percent platelet additive solution (PAS) was evaluated. PAS is composed of sodium and potassium chloride, citrate, phosphate, and mannitol. The total count of platelets per pooled unit included in the in vitro studies (n = 25) was 376 ± 59 × 109(mean ± SD). The present study included three steps. 1. Evaluation of platelet storage in one (n=7) and two (n=6) 1000‐mL polyolefin containers using PAS. During storage in one container, significantly lower values were found for pH, pO2, glucose, ATP, and the ratio of ATP to AMP+ADP+ATP. The values for mean platelet volume, pCO2, lactate, and extracellular adenylate kinase activity were significantly higher. These results indicate that storage in only one polyolefin container is not appropriate for maintaining satisfactory platelet quality. During storage in two polyolefin containers, a remarkably decreased lactate production (0.07 ± 0.02 mmol/day/1011platelets) was noted. 2. PAS was substituted for saline during 6‐day storage in two 1000‐mL polyolefin containers (n = 12). The composition of the platelet preparations was the same in all other respects. Similar in vitro results were noted with PAS and saline, which indicated that PAS has no specific effect on the storage of platelets different from that of saline. 3. A paired patient transfusion study (n=8) gave corrected count increments at 1 hour following transfusion of 20.4 ± 6.6 (BCs in saline) and 19.0 ± 7.9 (standard platelet concentrates prepared from platelet‐rich plasma [PCs]) and at 12 to 24 hours of 10.9 ± 4.0 (BCs) and 7.2 ± 5.4 (PCs). No significant differences were found. The results of this study indicate that saline in combination with specific storage containers can be used for the 5‐day storage of platelets pre

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32592327717.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY