ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1965.tb01145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Intravenous infusions of one liter of low molecular weight and standard clinical dextran in normal adult subjects resulted in a significant alteration of platelet function as characterized by marked depression of platelet factor 3 (PF 3) activity. Disruption of the abnormal platelets by sonic oscillation corrected the defect, indicating that dextran coating of the platelets inhibited the release of PF 3 activity. These findings were confirmed byin vitrostudies.Infusions of serum albumin failed to produce a significant alteration in PF 3 activity.The PF 3 depression could not be related to hemodilution or the total platelet count. Clot retraction, platelet adhesiveness, and the platelet thromboplastin test were normal. Serum prothrombin time was abnormal in some subjects.The platelet abnormality was related to the plasma dextran concentration and the retention of large dextran molecules in the circulation. Clinical dextran had a more deleterious effect on PF 3 activity than low molecular weight dextran.Since the majority of subjects had normal bleeding times associated with their reduced levels of PF 3 activity, the clinical significance of these studies is not clear. Nevertheless, the results of these experiments indicate that dextran coating of platelets interferes with the release of PF 3 activity, and suggest that alteration of the platelet surface may modify other platelet functions involved in maintaining a normal bleeding time.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1965.tb01146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The distribution of transaminase values in a series of 1,906 sera drawn from clinically normal Republic of Korea Army recruits has been analyzed statistically. The data have indicated the existence of two normally distributed populations, and the hypothesis has been presented that one of these populations represents the normal population, characterized by absence of hepatocellular damage; and the other represents an “abnormal” population characterized by the presence of definite hepatocellular damage.The data have been analyzed, and interpreted, with reference to the concept of “normal values,” frequency of anicteric serum hepatitis carriers, ratio of anicteric to icteric serum hepatitis, and the problem of exclusion of anicteric serum hepatitis carriers from blood bank procedures.It is suggested that climination of bloods having SGPT concentrations of greater than 25 units, in this or similar populations, may result in elimination of approximately SO per cent of cases of anicteric hepatitis, with an associated loss of only about 15 per cent of availabl

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1965.tb01147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A leukocyte agglutinating antibody obtained from a multiparous normal female was studied. By means of cross‐absorption and antibody elution methods, it was established that this antibody detected a single leukocyte antigen, designated as “Ke.” The data suggest a gene frequency of 0.8 for “Ke” and 0.2 for “ke,” the postulated allelic gene. The antigen is shared by granulocytes, lymphocytes‐monocytes, eosinophils and also platelets, but is absent from red cells. The cross reaction studies indicate that this antigen may be identical with group 5balready descri

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1965.tb01148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A method is described for the determination of thein vivosurvival of stored human red cells. Cr51labeled red cells and I125labeled human serum albumin are infused simultaneously to esti‐mate the whole blood volume and establish the 100 per cent retention value for subsequent red cell survival determination.The whole body hematocrit correction factor, necessary for the determination of 100 per cent retention value, has been established by the simul‐ taneous measurement of the red cell and plasma volumes in a group of 71 patients.Cr51and I125gamma emissions are separated for plasma and red cell volume determinations by measuring their values on a scaler equipped with a pulse height analyzer.This method has proven to be a safe and suitable means for the accurate establishment ofin vivosurvival of stored red cells, red cell mass, and plasma vol

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1965.tb01149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Experimental and clinical investigations have demonstrated the superiority of disposable plastic oxygenators primed with 5 per cent dextrose in distilled water and normothermia for open heart surgery. Technical aspects of cardiopulmonary bypass have been simplified considerably by this method. Furthermore, numerous complications associated with the use of pooled homologous blood have been eliminated. Cardiopulmonary bypass now is available immediately in emergency situations, as well as in patients with religious objections to blood transfusion. During the past 28 months, 926 open heart operations have been performed using this method, and the results have been most gratifying.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1965.tb01150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred consecutive patients subjected to open heart surgery received an average massive transfusion of 17 units. The group consisted of 43 males and 57 females; 75 were below 40 years of age. Routine testing for blood factors in the ABO, Rh and Kell systems were performed on all donors and recipients. The sera of all donors and recipients were screened for atypical antibodies. The number of recipients and their “average antigenic dose,” as well as the number of negative antibody screenings at postoperative visits, are tabulated. Nineteen rh‘ (C)‐negative patients received an average of 11.4 units of rh’ (C)‐positive blood. Thirty‐three rh“(E)‐negative patients, two hr’ (c)‐negative patients, three hr” (e)‐negative patients and 37 Kell‐negative patients received an average antigenic dose of 4.2, 8.5, 12.7 and 1.8 units, respectively. Two antibodies, anti‐rh'(E) and anti‐H, were attributed to isoimmunization. The authors conclude that the risk of detectable red cell isoimmunization by massive transfusion is probably no greater than that incurred

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1965.tb01151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Agglutination of antibody coated human erythrocytes has been found to depend on the zeta‐poten‐tial at the surface of shear and the dimensions of the antibody molecules. The critical zeta‐potential above which agglutination cannot occur has been shown to be —23 millivolts and —13 millivolts for saline and albumin antibodies respectively. A zeta‐potential below —18 millivolts for 19S molecules and below —8 millivolts for 7S molecules has been found to be necessary to give optimum agglutination and titer.The value of the enzymes used in blood group serology has been shown to be related to their ability to reduce the net surface charge density with a consequent reduction in zeta. It is postulated that this effect is due to esterase rather than protease activity.Bovine albumin and three synthetic polymers were found to bring about agglutination by reducing the zeta‐potential as a result of raising the dielectric constant. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that they reduce the surface charge of the erythrocytes.A satisfactory equation for calculating zeta, that can be used to predict the course of a serological reaction, has been computed from a determined value of —3190 esu/cm2for the net surface charge density of human erythrocytes in NaCl‐buffer at 25 C. This has been extended to include electrolytes of other valences by taking into account the mean activity coefficient of the electrolyte. Evidence is presented to show that the minimum zeta associated with erythrocyte stability is about —7 millivolts. This was considered to be the minimum potential required to overcome the cohesive forces of interfacial tension.In reaction mixtures imparting a zeta‐potential of —7 millivolts, tests with ten anti‐K and ten anti‐Fyasera show them to react similarly to anti‐D. There was no evidence to support the claim tha

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1965.tb01152.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Studies were made of 363 sera containing specific antibodies in order to determine the influence of cell suspending media and time of incubation on the sensitivity of the anti‐globulin test. A comparison was made between the strength of the antiglobulin reaction when pooled test cells were suspended (1) in bovine albumin and (2) in saline. A duplicate set of tests compared incubation times of 15 minutes and one hour. Results obtained with the 162 sera tested indicate that the albumin medium for suspending the test cells is superior to the saline medium at either incubation time.A second series was similar except that test cells were used individually and a 30 minute incubation was included in tests of some sera. The results with the 201 sera in this part of the study indicate no loss of sensitivity of the anti‐globulin test at a shortened incubation time of 15 minutes provided the test cells were suspended in bovine albu

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1965.tb01153.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A retrospective study of blood bank records for a two and a half year period for a relatively stable University Hospital Blood Bank serving a 385 bed teaching hospital and clinics has been completed. The source of blood units in terms of collection under the supervision of blood bank personnel versus blood units received from outside institutions revealed a comparable per cent of utilization but a decisive difference in discard rate with the greatest discrepancy attributed to outdating and reclamation as components. Over a consecutive two year period, percentage utilization remained virtually unchanged while the percentage discard was markedly decreased and reclamation significantly increased. The latter has been attributed to increased proficiency and efficiency of blood bank technical staff, a greater degree of accuracy by the clerical staff, tremendous progress in the education of house staff and faculty in the use of blood components and a shift of fresh frozen plasma procurement to a plasmapheresis system.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1965.tb01154.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY