ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16577039292.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1975, we showed18,19an En(a–) blood sample to be phenotypically Wr(a−b−). In the current report, we describe tests that show that three En(a–) members of a single family, not believed to be related to the family of the previously tested En(a–) person, are also Wr(a−b−). They have red blood cells that neither react with nor adsorb anti‐Wraor anti‐Wrb. In addition, we have shown that the red blood cells of sixEnaEnheterozygotes, in the family tested, are Wr(a−b+) but carry only a single dose of Wrbantigen. Tests on anti‐Enahave shown conclusively that one example is a mixture of separable anti‐Enaand anti‐Wrband that a second example may well contain the same two antibodies. By various methods, we have demonstrated that the red blood cells of the only known Wr(a + b–) individual are En(a+) and do not display any of the physicochemical abberations of the En(a–) phenotype. It is further shown that neuraminidase and trypsin do not denature the Wraor Wrbantigensin vitro, but that the protease ficin does have a limited ability to denature Wrb. Additional observations on the first reported1example of anti‐Wrbare included.These various findings have been considered in the light of gene linkage of, or gene interaction between, theEnandWrightsystem genes. It is concluded that the evidence does not exclude the possibility thatEnis a silent allele at theWraWrblocus so that the genotypeEnEn(orWrWr) might result in the phenotype En(a –), Wr(a –b –). However, it is also pointed out that the evidence equally well supports the postulation that theWraandWrbgenes are unable to function in the absence of anEnagene. If this latter theory is proved correct, the interaction betweenEnaand theWrightgenes can be thought of as similar to that between theHandABO,23orX'randCDEgenes.24It is pointed out that ifEnis a silent allele at theMNlocus (current evidence on this point is not conclusive.6,8,9)EnandWrcannot be synonymous for it is known that theWraandMandNgenes segregate independently.2,13,21,35Location ofEnat theMNlocus would not, however, refute the theory thatWraandWrbcannot function in the absence ofEn.Finally, it is pointed out that the supposed anti‐Wrbis probably just what its name implies but that even if this assumption is later disproved, the high incidence antigen defined by the antibody presently called anti

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16577039293.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Test erythrocytes (E) used to evaluate anti‐complement (C‘) antiglobulin sera have not been adequately standardized. This report describes a previously unrecognized C4‐derived antigen (temporarily called X‐Ag) found on E generally believed to be coated only with the C3d subcomponent of C3. X‐Ag occurred on all E coatedin vitrowith C’ by low ionic strength‐sucrose or cold agglutinin methods and on E from ten of ten patients whose cells had been C coatedin vivo.It was not removed by incubating these cells with trypsin or fresh compatible serum. This antigen was found on “C4‐only‐coated” red blood cells made with normal or congenitally C2‐deficient serum but not on cells similarly prepared with congenitally C4‐deficient serum. It was not identified on E coated with C‘viathe alternate pathway, normal trypsinized cells, nor cells coated only with IgG. Absorption experiments utilizing purified complement components and subcomponents and C200 Sephadex fractions of normal human serum strongly suggest that X‐Ag is a subcomponent of C4 (C4d). These results show that at least one C’ subcomponent other than C3d occurs on bothin vitroandin vivoC3d‐coated erythrocytes and must be taken into account when such cells are used

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16577039294.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two definite acute hemolytic transfusion reactions occurred in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blastic crisis. Both suspect units were entirely compatible by routine crossmatch using commercial antiglobulin sera. However, both units were clearly incompatible using our own specific anti‐C3 antiserum in the antiglobulin reaction phase of the crossmatch. Subsequently it was possible to predictin vivocompatibility using our anti‐C3 antiserumin vitro.This case adds new evidence for the inadequacy of anticomplement activity in commercial antis

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16577039295.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using ethanol and acetone fractionation to isolate soluble blood group substances from red blood cells, ‘Bombay’ Ohbloods were found to contain variable amounts of concealed H substance. The IgG variety of anti‐H in ‘Bombay’ bloods has a greater affinity for these substances than the IgM variety of anti‐H. Group O parents of ‘Bombay’ Ohsubjects were found to have normal levels of H substance, indicating that individuals heterozygous for a recessive suppressor gene ‘x’ synthesize it normally. In‐the ‘Bombay’ family studied, Lewis determinants were abnormally expressed in two members. Lewis activity was detected in the soluble extracts of their red blood cells but not by the direct agglutination test. Further tests using known Le(a−b−) types are necessary to determine whether these findings are linked

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16577039296.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three high frequency reactive antisera (Kir, Oca, Mil) are described which, based on serologic and genetic characteristics, identify a set of apparently related antigens. The antibodies react only by indirect antiglobulin technique against both adult and cord red blood cells, are primarily IgG, are not complement dependent nor enhanced by papain pretreatment of red blood cells, are high titered but of low avidity, and are not neutralized by serum nor absorbed by platelets. The antisera are not identical with, but may be related to, the Knaantibody. Population data show reactivity frequencies of 99.8 per cent for Kir, 98.7 per cent for Oca, and 96.4 per cent for Mil. The four phenotypes found are Kir+, Oca+, Mil+; Kir+, Oca+, Mil−; Kir+, Oca−, Mil+and Kir−, Oca−, Mil−. The occurrence of five unrelated triple negative individuals is greater than would be expected by chance alone for three independent antigens. Family studies demonstrate that the triple negative phenotype appears to be a recessive trait not linked to theFyorMNSloci, and the Mil‐trait is not linked toABO, Jk, orHLA.Clinical observations following infusion of incompatible blood andin vivosurvival studies of31Cr tagged red blood cells indicate that the antigens, though potent immunogens, are not clinically

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16577039297.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fatty acid dependent agglutinin (FADA) refers to serum with the special ability to cause agglutination of red blood cells in the presence of certain fatty acids. The agglutinating mechanism is unclear. It has been proposed that the agglutinin reacts with albumin that has been conformationallly altered by sodium caprylate and that the immune complex is passively adsorbed onto red blood cells. This report presents data that contradicts the proposal assigning a specific role to albumin in the agglutinating mechanism. FADA were isolated by column chromatography of resolubilized euglobulin preparations. No evidence of contamination with albumin was obtained in those IgM fractions possessing FADA activity. We propose, as an alternative explanation, that the serologic activity of FADA depends upon the interaction of IgM agglutinins with haptenic fatty acids.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16577039298.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Model 30 Blood Processor is a safe and simple means of harvesting blood cell components. Presently cell collection depends on a visual assessment by the operator of the indistinct boundaries of cell fractions. To determine when each cell component could best be harvested, serial samples were taken from the output port at fixed intervals and the results of counts and differentials were graphed and tabulated. Studies in normal donors were done using acid‐citrate‐dextrose (ACD), 2 per cent sodium citrate in 6 per cent hydroxyethyl starch (HES), or heparin as anticoagulants. There was considerable overlap between the latter part of the platelet band, the leukocyte band and the rising hematocrit with all three anticoagulants. Normally functional lymphocytes could be harvested efficiently (˜ 80%) using ACD or heparin. Platelets could be harvested from ACD very efficiently (˜ 90%). Granulocytes could not be harvested from ACD (<10%) since they were dispersed in the red blood cell (RBC) layer. Using HES, granulocytes could be harvested efficiently (˜ 70%) by extending collection into the RBC layer. Based on these data, a standard technique for cell collection has been devised. The flow rate is slowed to 20 ml/min and collection is carried 30 ml (90 seconds at a rate of 20 ml/min) for platelets. The RBC loss is approximately 6 to S and 2 to 3 ml/pass respectively. These studies indicate that the Model 30 is a highly efficient apparatus for blood cell separation, but the volume of blood processed is limited by the intermittent bloo

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16577039299.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

CPD‐adenine is being adopted in Europe for five weeks for regular blood bank storage and six weeks for emergency use storage. There may be a need to maintain normal levels of 2,3‐DPG during this prolonged storage time. In a pilot study from this laboratory, improved 2,3‐DPG maintenance was noted with DHA and pyruvate during the fifth and sixth weeks of storage. DHA and pyruvate are relatively unstable in aqueous solutions and in the present study extra care was taken with their experimental use. The additive effect of using DHA and pyruvate together in maintaining 2,3‐DPG was confirmed in this study in which significant improvements were seen as early as the seventh day of

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16577039300.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Inorganic phosphate has been known to assist red blood cell maintenance of ATP and in the presence of inosine to assist in the maintenance of 2,3‐DPG. High concentrations of phosphate, while helping ATP maintenance, were found to be deleterious to 2,3‐DPG maintenance in CPD‐adenine preservatives. However, in the presence of inosine, concentrations of phosphate as high as 10 mM were advantageous to 2,3‐DPG maintenance. The present study extends the observations on ATP and 2,3‐DPG maintenance in CPD‐adenine‐inosine preservatives from the previous 10 mM to 20 mM phosphate.A high phosphate (20 mM) effect has been seen as improved maintenance of 2,3‐DPG levels during the fifth and sixth weeks of storage of whole blood at 4 C. This supports the previously reported observation of improved maintenance of 2,3‐DPG in a 10 mM phosphate preservative. This is ten times the 2 mM phosphate concentration in CPD‐adenine. In the low phosphate preservative (2 mM), 2,3‐DPG maintenance is less than that in all of the higher phosphate preservatives after the second week of storage. ATP concentrations in this experiment show good maintenance throughout

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16577039301.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY