摘要:

Antibody‐antigen binding depends upon ionic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonds, as well as van der Waals forces and three‐dimensional conformation. Antibody elution techniques attempt to break those forces by alterations of ionic strength, pH, thermal agitation, and the use of organic solvents. Because of the heterogeneity of the physical forces involved in binding, no single elution technique finds universal applicability to the disruption of all types of antibody‐antigen

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1981.21582040807.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A six‐month‐old girl and an 18‐month‐old boy with autoimmune neutropenia due to anti‐NA1 are described. The antibodies were detected by granulocyte microagglutination, and their disappearance in the girl coincided with a return of a normal neutrophil count. The autoantibodies in both patients also reacted in the granulocyte cytotoxicity (GC) assay, and in one patient, in the staphylococcal protein A (SPA) assay. However, neither the GC nor the SPA assays showed the anti‐NA1 specificity found by agglutination, and the presence of GC and SPA antibodies did not coincide with neutropenia. These three leukocyte antibody techniques may detect different antibodies and have different clinical significances. This report provides additional evidence of the existence of autoimmune neutropenia and indicates that the clinical role of neutrophil antibodies detected by different serologic techniques is not yet established. Antibodies detected by granulocyte agglutination were clinically significant in these two patients with autoimmune neutropenia, while the results of testing with GC and S

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1981.21582040808.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Anti‐Tm defines an antigen in the MN blood group system, and 382 Tm + samples were found in tests on 900 random Caucasian, and 500 random Negro bloods. Of the 382 Tm + samples, 373 were also N +, but a further 625 N+ samples were nonreactive with anti‐Tm. We have now shown that when the original anti‐Tm serum is adsorbed free of anti‐T, and is tested against neuraminidase‐treated red blood cells, it has anti‐N specificity. Further, while anti‐Tm cannot be inhibited by sialoglycoprotein (SGP) preparations from untreated N+ red blood cells, it is inhibited by SGP fractions prepared from N+ red blood cells that have been pretreated with neuraminidase. It seems that anti‐Tm is directed against a part of the polypeptide backbo

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1981.21582040809.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A small‐aliquot freezing technique was employed to store at −80 C red blood cells (RBC) prepared for quality control of antiglobulin sera. These RBC were used to test the specificity and potency of both polyspecific and monospecific antiglobulin sera on the day of use. Following deglycerolization, about 83 per cent of test RBC were recovered. They were then stored as 5 per cent suspensions in 0.9% NaCl at 4 C for up to two weeks and tested for specific agglutination. EIg (RBC sensitized with immunoglobulins) and EC4 (RBC sensitized with the fourth component of human complement) remained reactive for the two‐ week period. EC43 (RBC sensitized with both the fourth and third components of human complement) tended to lose reactivity only with anti‐C3c antibodies following deglycerolization and storage. EC3d (RBC sensitized with the C3d fragment of the third component of human complement), producedin vivoas a result ofMycoplasma pneumoniaeinfection, remained reactive for the two‐week period, whereas EC3d prepared by the alternative pathway of complement activation was useful only for one week. Use of deglycerolized test RBC improved quality‐ control procedures by saving materials and technician time as well as by providing a constant supply of uniformly prepar

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1981.21582040810.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A continuous‐flow filtration plasmapheresis system has been developed as an alternative to conventional techniques for conducting plasmapheresis from blood donors. The system was tested in two stages, nonreinfusion and continuous reinfusion. Donor safety, separation efficiency, and plasma quality were examined. These studies indicate that membrane plasmapheresis is feasible, safe to the donor, and yields sufficient plasma for either therapeutic or component therapy us

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1981.21582040811.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Coulter Counter®, phase microscopy, and the Technicon® optical system were used to enumerate platelets in samples of whole blood, platelet‐ rich plasma, platelet concentrates before and after addition of DMSO, and on platelet concentrates that had been frozen, thawed, and washed. We observed agreement among the three counting methods when platelet counts were determined in whole blood, platelet‐rich plasma, and platelet concentrate before and after DMSO addition. Enumeration after the cryopreservation process, however, showed highly significant differences among the counting systems. Platelet counts on platelet concentrates after freezing the thawing performed with the Coulter Counter were 25 per cent greater than with phase microscopy and 55 per cent greater than with Technicon. Counts with phase microscopy were 30 per cent greater than Technicon values. These data indicate that the method used to enumerate previously frozen platelets affects the apparent platelet

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1981.21582040812.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The morphology of granulocytes collected by continuous‐flow centrifugation (CFC), discontinuous‐flow centrifugation (DFC), and continuous‐flow filtration (CFF) was investigated in 18 healthy donors by means of light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Light microscopy study of semithin sections of granulocytes collected by CFC and DFC showed minimal morphologic abnormalities, compared to granulocytes procured by CFF. Ultrastructural study of granulocytes procured by CFF showed more conspicuous qualitative and quantitative abnormalities (the most prominent being “microvilli,” degranulation, and bazarre chromatin) than in granulocytes obtained by the other two methods. Controls showed that the bulk of CFF‐cell abnormalities was due to the “tapping” of the filters. Factors such as the mechanical compression (plasma extractor) used in DFC method, donor pretreatment with anticoagulants and steroids, hydroxyethyl starch, and duration of leukapheresis scarcely influenced granulo

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1981.21582040813.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human nonrejuvenated and rejuvenated red bood cells were prepared for cryopreservation and subsequent pediatric transfusion. Glycerol was added to the red blood cells in the primary polyvinyl chloride plastic collection bag to achieve a concentration of 40 per cent W/V. The red blood cells were concentrated by centrifugation, and the supernatant glycerol was discarded. Each glycerolized unit was divided into four equal aliquots in the individual 600‐ml bags of a dry quadruple polyvinyl chloride plastic system, and each aliquot was frozen and stored at −80 C. After thawing, sodium chloride solutions were used to wash the aliquots in the IBM Blood Processor 2991‐1 or 2991‐2 or the Haemonetics Blood Processor 115, and the washed aliquots were stored in a sodium chloride‐glucose‐phosphate solution at 4 C for 24 hours. Freeze‐thaw recovery of the red blood cells was about 97 per cent, and freeze‐thaw‐wash recovery was about 84 per cent. Twenty‐four‐hour posttransfusion survival values were about 92 per cent for both nonrejuvenated and indated‐rejuvenated red blood cells. Nonrejuvenated red blood cells, those frozen within three to five days of collection without biochemical modification, had normal oxygen transport function at the time of transfusion; rejuvenated red blood cells, those biochemically treated with PIGPA Solution A after three to five days of storage at 4 C, had improved oxygen transport function at

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1981.21582040814.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The red blood cell membrane protein pattern of erythrocytes exposed to 50 C for 10 to 15 minutes was found to be abnormal by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Membranes of heated red blood cells consistently had significant elevation of band 7 and 8. The total membrane protein content (mg/109cells) of heated erythrocytes was increased, but the sialic acid content was normal. Heated erythrocytes showed a consistent decrease in the reactivity of Fyaand Jkaantigens. Other blood group antigens were variably affected by temperature elevation. These observations may explain the mechanism of antibody elution by heat.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1981.21582040815.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A nationwide survey of hospital blood banks conducted in February 1979 indicated that the majority of respondents require only reagent tested Leaand/or Lebnegative blood for transfusion to patients with Lewis system antibodies in their serum. The policy was followed even if the antibody(ies) no longer was demonstrable in the serum or was reactive at room temperature and below. Only 11.4 per cent select blood for these patients on the basis of major crossmatch compatibility alone; 56 per cent require only reagent tested antigen negative blood for transfusion under all circumstances. The results of this survey and a review of the literature indicate the need for further studies on the transfusion significance of Lewis system antibodies.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1981.21582040816.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY