摘要:

Total blood volume (TBV) and red cell volume (RCV) determinations have become an established diagnostic procedure in a variety of conditions; they are being used increasingly to estimate the requirement of blood transfusion. A common laboratory practice is to determine indirectly the RCV and/or the TBV by measuring the plasma volume (PV) and the venous hematocrit (VH). This procedure is technically simple and has been made popular by a number of semiautomatic electronic devices. In the healthy population we find results of the direct and the indirect measure of the RCV to be not statistically different, although they may differ by as much as ± 10% in individual cases. Larger discrepancies between the results of the two methods have been reported in patients by numerous investigators.In the present study the RCV based on the PV was found to be significantly larger in many patients than the RCV measured directly by tagging of red cells. Emphasis is here placed on the severity of this discrepancy in the general bed‐patient population. The differences in the RCV cannot be explained alone by the variability of the hematocrit in the large and small vessels, but must involve an early loss of the albumin and/or the tag from the vascular bed. These findings cast doubt on the validity of the measure of the PV, and consequently of the estimated RCV, in a considerable number of patients. It will be shown that the discrepancies noted can be reduced significantly by basing the measure of the plasma volume on the highest T‐1824 density or on the highest131I (RISA) activity obtained three to ten minutes postinfusion of the

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1968.tb02411.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Chromium labelling characteristics of both ACD‐stored and previously frozen red cells were evaluated. The chromium uptake of previously frozen red cells processed by agglomeration was inversely related to the hemoglobin level of the suspending fluid. Ascorbic acid was not needed for the labelling of previously frozen, agglomerated red cells.Cellular injury, as measured by increase in supernatant hemoglobin during post‐thaw storage at 4 C, occurred with the agglomerated, previously frozen red cells when: (1) Na2EDTA was present in the glycerolizing solution; (2) the disaggregation of the agglomerated red cell mass was carried out with 75 rather than 250 ml of isotonic saline; and (3) the storage temperature of the glycerolized red cells was interrupted for one week with a storage interim at either 4 C or −20 C.By use of a phthalate ester technic, red cells were separated into three fractions on the basis of cellular density. Preferential chromium labelling of red cells was noted: the lightest fraction contained significantly more radioactivity than the heaviest fra

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1968.tb02412.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The mechanism by which pronase treatment of red cells leads to agglutination with “incomplete” antibodies has been investigated. Like other serologically active enzymes, pronase hydrolyzes arginine and lysine derivatives (the former about 100 times as readily as the latter) and releases NANA from erythrocytes in a manner which correlates with development of serologic titer. In attempting to define the minimum quantity of NANA liberation consistent with appearance of agglutination, the following quantities (μmole NANA/1010RBC) were sufficient and insufficient, respectively: for pronase, 0.28 and 0.16; for papain, 0.21 and 0.19; and for trypsin, 0.16 and 0.09. These differences may reflect differences among the enzymes with regard to producing new ionogenic groups on erythrocytes. Pronase further differed from papain and trypsin in that a minimal amount of enzyme gave no progressive NANA liberation over a six‐hour period, all of its effect being exerted by the end of 15 minutes. The utility of pronase in detection of “incomplete” Rh antibodies is

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1968.tb02413.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serums from non‐immunized catfish contain hightitered thermolabile hemolytic activity for all human red cells, and for red cells of other species such as rabbits. However, after heat inactivation, these sera only weakly agglutinate human red cells.After immunization with human saliva from A‐B‐H secretors, catfish produce potent agglutinins which clump to approximately the same high titer human red cells of all A‐B‐O blood groups as well as red cells from anthropoid apes (chimpanzees and gibbons). These sera do not agglutinate red cells from human beings of the Bombay type, or monkey red cells (baboon), or animal red cells (sheep). The antibody responsible for these reactions has been designated anti‐Z and detects a serological specificity (blood factor) which is inhibited by A‐B‐H secretor saliva, and which appears to be closely associated with A‐B‐H blood group substances. By absorption, from the sera of catfish injected with group O saliva anti‐Hhas been fractionated which differs from anti‐Hlectin(Ulex europeus)in its cross reactions with gibbon red cells. From the serums of the catfish immunized with group A saliva, besides anti‐Zand anti‐H, anti‐A, but not anti‐C, could be fractionated. No anti‐A1component could be fractionated by absorption withA2cells. From the serums of catfish immunized with group B saliva, the expected anti‐Btogether with weak anti‐Ccould be fractionated by absorption, besides anti‐Zand anti‐H.These findings throw further light on the serological specificities of the human A‐B‐H substances of red cells and secretions and illustrate the usefulness of fish as experi

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1968.tb02414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bloods from a total of 57 gibbons (52Hylobates lar lar, fourHylobates lar pileatus, and oneHylobates hoolock) and two siamang apes (Symphalangus brachytanites) have been tested for human‐type A‐B‐H, M‐N, and Rh‐Hr blood factors. Croups A, B, and AB have been identified in these apes but not group O, and three types corresponding to the human types M, N and MN have been found. All the apes tested gave reactions corresponding to type rh. Tests with anti‐H lectin on gibbon red cells showed a very strong association of this blood factor with red cells of group B, in contrast to the situation in man where factor H is strongly associated with groups O and A2. Corresponding to each of the human agglutinogens M and N are multiple different antisera of specificities anti‐M and anti‐N, of which only particular reagents can be used for M‐N typing of gibbons blood. Findings are also described which demonstrate the usefulness of lectins for A1, H and N blood factors in studies on individual blood differences in man and other primates, as well as of certain bean extracts for demonstrating species‐specific differe

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1968.tb02415.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Amnion cells, primary and in culture, along with the infant's own erythrocytes, were tested by mixed agglutination for blood groups A, B, H, M, N, Tja, Rho(D), Yta, I and i. Studies were carried out on cell cultures ranging in age from one day to 39 days. Only A, B, H, Tja, I and i could be demonstrated on amnion cells. Decrease in the number of cells positive for Tja, and possibly for A and B, was observed in the course of cell passages. In cultures positive for H, the percentage of positive cells, although small, generally continued as long as the culture was studied.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1968.tb02416.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To evaluate the suitability of cadaver blood for use in transfusions, blood from five corpses was examined for biochemical alterations and erythrocyte survival. Blood nonprotein nitrogen and serum potassium and uric acid levels were increased to some degree, but erythrocyte survival was within normal limits.

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1968.tb02417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The blood of a donor was investigated because of a discrepancy between cell grouping and serum confirmation. Her whole blood reacted strongly with five commercial preparations of anti‐B sera, yet her serum contained normal anti‐B isoagglutinins. Grouping tests with the donor's washed red cells suspended in saline indicated they were group O. Further tests of the donor's whole blood showed that raw high titered anti‐B did not cause agglutination. The addition of acriflavin (the dye used to color commercial preparation of anti‐B) to the donor's blood caused spontaneous agglutination. The donor's serum plus acriflavin caused agglutination of all random group O red cells. Various antibiotics, drugs and vitamins such as riboflavin, cyanocobalamin, tetracycline, penicillin, chloromycetin, mycostatin, gantrisin, streptomycin, phenacetin, atabrine and quinidine did not cause agglutination.The serum, when tested against her own cells or random group O cells in the presence of acriflavin, was reactive at a titer of 1:64; the reaction was not positive by the antiglobulin test. 2‐Mercaptoethanol destroyed the reactivity of the serum. Inasmuch as the reaction was not complement dependent or enzyme affected, the phenomenon of immune adherence was ruled out. One year later her serum was still reactive at a titer of 1:32.No other example of this serum factor was found in 1,000 random hospital patients.An antigen‐antibody reaction comparable to that observed in phenacetin dependent reactions3is

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1968.tb02418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1968.tb02420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1968.tb02421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY