ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28689059020.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28689059021.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Annual transfusion activity between 1980 and 1985 was surveyed in four sets of United States (US) hospitals, which together accounted for 4.8 percent of the red cell (RBC) transfusions in the US in 1980. Total RBC transfusion rates (total RBCs transfused/1000 hospital admissions) increased between 1980 and 1982 but remained nearly constant between 1982 and 1985. Plasma transfusion dynamics followed a similar pattern, whereas the preoperative deposit of autologous blood by patients accelerated rapidly after 1982. These changes appear to reflect responses to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic. In contrast, total platelet transfusion rates grew by 76 percent during the 6‐year period, approaching total RBC rates by 1985. This is the first reported evidence in such a large sample of transfusions that total RBC transfusion rates have moderate

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28689059022.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Various techniques have been described for quantitating IgG or complement (C3) on red cells (RBCs). The techniques either are cumbersome, as the complement consumption test, or use radioactivity. This paper describes an antiglobulin consumption assay using an enzyme‐ linked immunosorbent method that can be used to quantitate IgG, IgM, and C3. With this technique RBCs from normal, healthy donors gave a mean value of 106 ± 60 molecules of IgG per RBC, 4.5 ± 3 molecules of IgM per RBC, and 37 ± 28 molecules of C3 per RBC, respectively. The RBCs of hospital patients, particularly of those with infections or inflammatory conditions, contain increased amounts of nonspecifically bound immunoproteins. The availability of a common method to quantitate RBC‐associated IgG, IgM, and C3 allows easy monitoring or study of the immune mechanism of autoimmune hemolytic

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28689059023.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human stroma‐free hemoglobin (Hb) was crosslinked with 2‐nor‐2‐ formylpyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (NFPLP), purified over crosslinked dextran, and eluted with a linear salt gradient. The oxygen dissociation curve of this crosslinked hemoglobin appeared to be shifted to the right with a standard P50 of 49 torr (PO2 for 50% saturation with oxygen at a pH of 7.40, a PCO2 of 40 torr, and a temperature of 37°C) compared with a P50 of 12 to 15 torr for the unmodified Hb. The Hill coefficient n of HbNFPLP was 2.1, versus 2.8 for Hb. The proton Bohr factor of HbNFPLP, calculated from P50 values in the pH range of 7.1 to 7.7, was found to be −0.19, versus − 0.29 for unmodified Hb. The oxygen capacity of HbNFPLP was not affected by the crosslinking and was found to be 1.410 ml of O2per g of HbNFPLP, versus 1.407 ml of O2per g of Hb for unmodified Hb. Four derivatives of HbNFPLP, i.e., deoxyhemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and methemoglobin, were prepared, and the light adsorption spectra were recorded in the region of 480 to 680 nm. No differences were detected in comparison with the spectra of unmodified Hb. The α and β chains of the tetramer were separated by reverse‐ phase chromatography. Comparison of the elution patterns of the chains of Hb and HbNFPLP revealed a retardation of the β chains due to crosslinking with NFPLP. This indicates that the binding of NFPLP to Hb occurred only between the β chains. Moreover, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the separated chains showed a doubling of the molecular mass of the β chains (˜31 kD), whereas that of the α chains was unchanged (˜15 kD). A HbNFPLP solution can be classified as a well‐defined product with physiologic ox

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28689059024.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) and natural killer (NK) cells were studied for their capacity to retain cytotoxicity after cryopreservation. LAK cells were generated by a 4‐day culture of lymphocytes with recombinant interleukin‐2 (rIL‐2). Cytotoxicity was measured by51Cr‐release assay at effector:target ratios of 10:1 to 80:1. Cryopreserved LAK cells retained 58.8 to 87.4 percent of cytotoxicity, as compared with that in fresh control cells. Cryopreserved NK cell activity against K562 and Molt‐4 targets was 45.7 to 67.9 percent of the respective values of the fresh control cells. The responsiveness of NK cells to polyinosinic‐polycytidilic acid (poly I:C), interferon‐α (IFN‐α), or rIL‐2 remained intact. Activated NK cell activity after poly I:C or IFN‐α stimulation and that after rIL‐2 were, respectively, comparable to and higher than the endogenous NK cell activity of the fresh cells. The composition of lymphocyte subsets as determined by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies did not change after cryopreservation, indicating that cellular loss of the given subsets did not occur during the procedure. The retention of substantial levels of cytotoxicity in cryopreserved LAK and NK cells may make them promising candidates a

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28689059025.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A survey was conducted among resident physicians at nine academic medical centers to assess their perceptions of their knowledge of transfusion medicine (TM), their confidence in using various blood bank resources, and their ratings of the contribution of various learning resources to their knowledge of TM. A total of 320 residents completed the survey; nearly 90 percent were in an internal medicine, surgery, or anesthesiology residency. Respondents placed a high value on the relevance of TM to patient care, although they rated their knowledge and learning opportunities as only moderate. They rated senior residents as the most useful educational resource, with undergraduate medical school education, formal conferences, and journals and library resources being the three next most useful. Residents had the greatest confidence in using packed red cells, platelets, and fresh‐frozen plasma. Surgery and anesthesiology residents generally had greater confidence in using blood bank resources than internal medicine residents. The findings of the survey can be used, along with the results of medical care evaluations of transfusion practice and opinions of education experts, to create an optimally relevant and effective curriculum for resident education in transfusion medicin

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28689059026.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A flow cytometry method, developed in our laboratory to measure red cell (RBC)‐bound IgG, was compared to the manual titration technique in the measurement of RBC antigen strength to determine zygosity. Parallel studies using antibodies to antigens in the Rh, Kell, Kidd, Ss, and Duffy systems were performed. The antisera (n = 20) were tested against five examples each of RBCs from apparent homozygotes and heterozygotes. The flow cytometry method was clearly superior, showing distinct differences, with no overlap of the ranges of results, between the reactions of RBCs from homozygotes and heterozygotes with 10 of 20 (50%) antisera. By the manual titration technique none of these sera clearly demonstrated dosage and 15 showed overlap of the ranges. It was obvious from the results that the commonly used manual titration technique for comparing the test RBCs with a single example of RBCs from a homozygote and heterozygote yielded inaccurate result

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28689059027.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1988.tb04202.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The lytic properties of red cells from Jk(a+,b+), Jk(a−, b+) and Jk(a+b−) (normal), Jk(a−b−), and obligate Jk heterozygotes were studied. The Jk(a−b−) cells did not hemolyze for at least 15 minutes in either 2 M urea or methylurea, whereas normal cells were completely hemolyzed in 2 minutes. Red cells from Jk heterozygotes demonstrated intermediate levels of hemolysis when compared to normal and Jk(a−b−) red cells. In addition, these cells had less than 10 percent hemolysis when suspended in 2 M methylurea prepared in 0.4 percent phosphate‐buffered saline (pH 7.2). This method may be an alternative to hemagglutination titration scoring for the detection of Jk, especially i

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28689059028.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY