ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1982.tb02447.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Current serologic tests occasionally fail to identify women needing more than one vial of Rh immune globulin. We compared the indirect antiglobulin test after incubation with anti‐D and a rosetting technique using enzyme treated Rh2Rh2 erythrocytes as methods for identifying significant fetal maternal hemorrhage (FMH). Artificial mixtures containing 0.05 to 1.2 percent Rh1rh (CcDe) fetal red blood cells mixed with rh (ce) adult red blood cells were tested. The indirect antiglobulin test of the 0.6 percent mixture (approximately 30 ml FMH) was reported to be microscopically positive by 17/20 technologists; whereas, 20/20 found the rosetting test to be strongly positive. The volume of FMH in 118 postpartum Rh immune globulin candidates was quantified using Kleihauer's test and formula. The results of the rosetting and Kleihauer tests of blood specimens from these patients were negative 1.4 ml for two, and strongly positive rosetting test and FMH of 6.5 ml for one. The rosetting test utilizes routine blood banking skills and requires 5 minutes more “hands on” time than an indirect antiglobulin test. Confirmation and quantification of positive results by an acid‐elution test is ne

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1982.22683068604.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Existing methods to evaluate fetal‐maternal hemorrhage depend upon red blood cell agglutination or blood film elution techniques. These tests are insensitive and difficult to quantitate and reproduce. An enzyme‐ linked antiglobulin test was evaluated to determine its suitability for clinical testing of postpartum candidates for Rh immune globulin administration. Prepared mixtures of Rh positive fetal and Rh negative adult red blood cells approximating fetal maternal hemorrhage ratios of 0–2.0 percent were studied. In 43 assays, the enzyme‐linked antiglobulin test consistently detected Rh positive fetal red blood cells in the 0.5 and 0.25 percent mixtures representing a 25 ml and a 12.5 ml hemorrhage, respectively, in a 70‐kg woman. The 0.125 percent red blood cell suspension was positive in 85 percent of the assays and the 0.0625 percent suspension was positive in 56 percent of the tests. Agglutination testing by Du variant technique failed to detect 25 percent of the 0.5 percent mixtures. Only 45 percent of tests with the Rh immune globulin crossmatch detected the 0.5 percent mixture. A modified Kleihauer‐Betke procedure was as sensitive, but less reproducible than the enzyme‐linked antiglobulin test. Forty‐seven Rh immune globulin candidates were studied to assess the quantity of fetal maternal hemorrhage. Fourteen patients (29.8%) had detectable Rh positive red blood cells by enzyme‐linked antiglobulin tests but all hemorrhages were less than 12 ml; agglutination tests did not detect any fetal red blood cells. We conclude that the enzyme‐linked antiglobulin test is a simple, sensitive, and objective procedure for detecting small amounts of Rh positive red blood cells in Rh negative blood and should be applicable to clinical testing of post‐partum Rh immun

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1982.22683068605.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using a recently developed enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, gene dosage effects were demonstrated for the Duffy, Ss, and Rh red blood cell antigen systems. We report a comparison by an antibody‐binding assay of the relative amounts of Fya and Fyb antigens on FyaFya, FyaFyb, FybFyb, FyaFyx, and FyxFyx erthrocytes, and of s antigen on cells homozygous and heterozygous for s. The immunosorbent assay also was used to study Rh antigens, and data which had been obtained using radiolabelled antibodies were confir

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1982.22683068606.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The marginal viability of erythrocytes stored for 35 days as red blood cell concentrates in citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose‐adenine‐one (CPDA‐1) was attributed to inadequate nutrient support with adenine and glucose. In an effort to improve the viability of red blood cells following extended storage, a new CPD‐adenine and 1.4 times more glucose than CPDA‐1. The efficacy of CPDA‐2 was evaluated in vivo by measurement of 24‐hour postinfusion recovery of 51Cr‐labeled erythrocytes which had been stored as whole blood or red blood cell concentrates for 5 to 8 weeks. All red blood cell concentrates, and the whole blood units stored for 35 and 42 days, were held at room temperature for 8 hours prior to processing and/or refrigeration. CPDA‐2 yielded significantly higher 51Cr survivals than CPDA‐1 and exceeded the accepted criterion for anticoagulant preservative efficacy of 70 percent postinfusion survival of red blood cells after storage for a period of 42 days. Preliminary data supports possible usage to 49 days. Plasma glucose and red blood cell ATP concentration were maintained better in CPDA‐2 than in CPDA‐1. When compared to historical controls for CPD and CPDA‐1 the data suggest that red blood cells stored in CPDA‐02 will have superior viability throughout the entire storage period. CPDA‐2 is a candidate to replace CPDA‐1 as the anticoagulant‐preservative solution of c

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1982.22683068607.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of an 8‐hour hold at 22 degrees C prior to component preparation were evaluated in a split‐bag study using nine units of blood preserved in citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose‐adenine (CPDA‐2). Each unit was divided in half, platelet‐rich plasma removed at 0 or 8 hours, respectively, and the half units of red blood cells stored at 4 degrees C for 42 days. The only red blood cell metabolic differences seen in the bags held 8 hours (compared to those not held) were a 21 percent rise in adenosine triphosphate, which was not significant after 14 days of storage, and a 33 percent loss of 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate which resulted in a loss curve similar to that seen with acid‐citrate‐ dextrose blood. The logistic advantages seem to warrant an 8‐hour holding period for red blood

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1982.22683068608.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Extension of the time within which whole blood may be separated into components offers logistic advantages for the operation of remote mobile drawing teams. We evaluated the effect of an 8‐hour hold of whole blood at room temperature before preparation of components. Plasma coagulation activity and opsonic factor content were studied in 14 units drawn into the anticoagulant‐preservative solution citrate‐ phosphate‐dextrose‐adenine (CPDA‐2). At the time of collection, an additional 7‐ml aliquot was drawn into 1 ml of CPDA‐2, the plasma separated and frozen immediately. Components were prepared from whole blood units allowed to rest undisturbed at 22 ± 1 degrees C for 8 hours. After 8 hours, a significant decrement of about 10 percent was found in the concentration of fibrinogen, plasminogen, fibronectin, and activity of Factor V. Factor VIII activities (VIIIAHF and VIIIAGN) were not significantly different after 8 hours. Our results indicate that room temperature storage for 8 hours before component processing has minimal effects on potentially labile plasma protein factors using CPDA‐ 2 anticoagulant‐p

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1982.22683068609.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To see if citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose‐adenine‐two (CPDA‐2) anticoagulant‐ preservative had an effect on the viability of platelets, we studied autologous in vivo recovery and survival in humans for platelet concentrates prepared from six units of blood drawn into CPDA‐2 and compared them to six units drawn into citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose (CPD). These units were prepared from whole blood held at room temperature for 8 hours after collection and were then stored for 3 days at 22 ± 2 degrees C. The recovery for platelets preserved in CPD was 39.0 +/0 4.8 percent and for platelets preserved in CPDA‐2, 32.5 ± 4.4 percent. The difference was not significant (p greater than 0.10). In order to estimate population differences, in vitro effects on in vivo viability were also evaluated. Six in vitro variables were studied but only pH at 72 hours (r = 0.77), platelet count (r = 0.64), and morphology score (r = 0.66) correlated to recovery. Only pH at 72 hours significantly influenced recovery (p = 0.007). By adjusting for individual pH differences, mean recovery for platelets stored in CPD was 37.5 percent, and for platelets stored in CPDA‐2, 34.0 percent. The mean lifespan was 6.7 ± 0.7 days for platelets preserved in CPD and 6.1 ± 1.0 days for those preserved in CPDA‐2. Although hemostatic function was not studied, these data support in vitro observations that platelets preserved with CPDA‐2 are not different from platelets preserved with CPD, even after 8‐hours of storage of whole blood at room temperature prior to p

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1982.22683068610.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1982.tb02455.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ability of platelet concentrates stored at room temperature to withstand transportation after removal from the rotator and ideal temperature environment was studied by reinfusing autologous 51Cr‐ labeled platelets obtained from normal volunteers. Periods of up to 6 hours off the rotator and not under temperature control did not result in a significant change in platelet viability. Platelets transported up to 12 hours after 24 hours of storage and then placed on a rotator for the remainder of the 72‐hour storage interval also showed expected recovery and survival. Thus, room temperature stored platelets may be used even when transportation for up to 6 hours is required before the concentrates are transfu

ISSN:0041-1132    

DOI:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1982.22683068611.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY